Feed is the material basis for farmed fish, and feed costs generally account for 50-60% of the total cost of farmed fish. Therefore, how to solve the feed problem is one of the key issues in aquaculture production. At present, the better feed coefficient is about 1.2, and the poor one is more than 2. In fact, the digestibility of fish on feed is affected by many factors, such as feed formulation, processing technology, feeding methods and water environmental conditions, which are the main factors affecting feed coefficient and feed cost. Here are some of the issues affecting the fish feed coefficient in conjunction with my own production practice.
First, the rationality of the feed formula
The nutrient content of the feed itself has a great influence on the coefficient of the feed. Protein and fat content are the two main nutritional indicators of feed, and the higher the content, the lower the feed coefficient, and the better the digestion and absorption of fish. However, the same or similar content of feed has a large difference with the existence and structure of its active ingredients. For example, barley, oats and wheat: the protein digestibility of the three kinds of grain feed is "barley> oats. >Wheat." This is mainly because the protein quality of wheat is worse than that of barley and oats, which means that the content of lysine and threonine in wheat is low. The biological value of the protein in the feed calculated from the essential amino acid index was 55 for wheat, 70 for oats, and 73 for barley. In addition, excessive levels of essential nutrients in the feed can cause indigestion. For example, when the protein content is too high, the accumulation of fish protein is almost constant, and the increase in body weight is not proportional to the protein content of the feed. This not only causes a waste of protein, but also the metabolites of its protein pollute the water. Therefore, the content of various nutrients in the feed should have an optimum amount. It has been proved that there should be an appropriate ratio between protein and non-protein in fish feed, and other nutrients can be effectively utilized only when the protein is sufficient. . Lack of certain nutrients in the feed can also affect the use of other active ingredients. The complementary nutrients in the feed can increase the utilization rate of the feed.
Fish nutrition needs to have their own characteristics. For example, fish can make full use of the protein and fat in the feed, but can not make good use of carbohydrates, and it is difficult to digest cellulose. The feeding habits of fish are different. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a reasonable feed formula depending on the fish. Only when the nutrients in the feed are consistent with the demand of the fish can the digestion and absorption rate be increased and the feed coefficient be lowered. This means that the feed coefficient is largely determined by the rationality of the feed formulation.
Second, the quality of feed ingredients and processing modulation
The nutrient composition of the feed ingredients varies greatly depending on the variety, origin, grade, foreign matter content, storage conditions and storage period. Therefore, the feed ingredients have a direct impact on the nutritional content and quality of the compound feed. The quality of the raw materials is good and the grade is high. The prepared compound feed can reach the expected nutrient level, and the nutrition of the feed will change. In particular, the storage time of feed ingredients has a greater impact on the nutritional value of the feed. Although the crude protein content of the raw material does not change during storage, the solubility and digestibility of the protein gradually decrease with the storage period. When the raw material is stored at 24 ° C for 2 years, the protein digestibility decreases by 8%; Other nutrients will also have different degrees of reduction during storage. Among them, the loss of VE is the most serious. The fat is decomposed by lipase during storage, which is easily rancid. The use of this kind of reduced raw material will greatly reduce the quality of compound feed.
In addition, due to the particularity of aquafeeds, the processing technology for feed is highly demanding. The process indicators that affect the quality of feed processing are mainly the crushing particle size, the pressure and temperature of the steam. The test proved that the feed processing particle size was 11% in the 10-20 mesh digestibility rate, the 30-50 mesh digestibility was 51%, and the digestibility above 50 mesh was 73%. The particle size of the raw material has a large surface area, which can obtain better quenching and tempering effect. The degree of ripening of the feed is high, the gelatinization is more sufficient, the adhesion of the particles is good, and it is not easy to be lost after entering the water. The fish is easy to digest and absorb after feeding, and the feed coefficient is low. In the standard of feed processing, the requirements for crushing the size of aquatic feed are: freshwater fish feed is required to pass through 20 mesh sieve, 40 mesh sieve can not exceed 30%; shrimp feed requires all through 40 mesh sieve, 60 mesh sieve Must not exceed 20%. Too thin and too thick feed ingredients will increase the feed coefficient. In addition, the quality of the feed is critical to the quality of the feed. The steam pressure and the time the material passes through the conditioner determines the degree of ripening of the material. The process parameters for different raw materials are different. If the water is not enough, the temperature is not enough, the insufficient gelatinization of the raw material will affect the digestibility, and the over-maturation will destroy the nutrients in the feed, and the most loss is lysine. As a result, the feed availability is reduced and the feed coefficient is increased. For aquatic feed, the optimum moisture content for quenching and tempering is about 12%, and the temperature of the material is 70 °C, which not only improves the production efficiency of the granulating unit, but also produces high-quality bait products.
Third, feeding technology
The feeding technique has a great influence on the feed coefficient, and the key is the feeding frequency and the feeding rate. The number of feedings is determined by the time the feed passes through the digestive tract of the fish. The feeding rate is based on the maximum satiety of the fish. Unsuitable feeding times and feeding rates increase the feed coefficient. For example, the number of feedings and feeding amount is too much, the food is full of intestinal tract, the chance of contact between the intestinal wall and the feed is reduced, the digestion and absorption of food is insufficient, the digestibility of the feed is decreased, and the feed coefficient is increased. If the number and timing of feeding are variable, the fish will be hungry and will reduce feed utilization. Correctly grasping the feeding habits of fish and rational feeding, can fully exert the production efficiency of feed and achieve the purpose of reducing the feed coefficient.
Fourth, the water environment factor
Among the water environmental factors, the most important influence on the feed coefficient is water temperature and water quality. Fish is a temperature-changing animal whose metabolic activity changes with changes in water temperature. When the water temperature is low, the fish's metabolic activity is reduced, the energy required is small, and the food intake is small. The food stays in the digestive tract for a long time, and its utilization rate is also low. For example, when the carp is at a water temperature of 20-27 ° C, the feed utilization ratio is higher. It is more than twice as large at 14-15 °C. For variable temperature fish, the feed coefficient is large when the water temperature is low. Secondly, the water quality index affecting the feed coefficient is mainly dissolved oxygen in water. It is determined that when the oxygen content in water is above 4 mg/L, the feeding intensity and digestion absorption rate of the fish increase with the increase of dissolved oxygen in the water. It has been reported that the carp is doubling the feed efficiency by 0.5-2 mg/L when dissolved in oxygen 3-6 mg/L. It can be seen that the effect of dissolved oxygen content in the water on the feed coefficient is also crucial.
An electric winch typically uses the battery of a vehicle in order to power the winch`s motor. It will only work if the vehicle battery is charged, and it is possible for a 4x4 winch to drain a battery quickly. Electric winches are the right choice for quick occasional, and light use, as in ATV recovery, as they do not require as much in the way of power.
12000LBS Line Speed And Amp Draw(First Layer)
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12000LBS Line Speed And Amp Draw(First Layer) |
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|
Line Pull |
lb |
No |
4000 |
6000 |
8000 |
10000 |
12000 |
|
kg |
LOAD |
1818 |
2727 |
3636 |
4545 |
5455 |
|
|
Line Speed |
ft/min |
33.50 |
9.18 |
8.20 |
6.89 |
6.23 |
5.25 |
|
m/min |
13.20 |
2.80 |
2.50 |
2.10 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
|
|
Motor Current |
Amps |
72 |
143 |
201 |
276 |
353 |
400 |
|
12000LBS Line Speed And Amp Draw(First Layer) |
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|
Layer of Cable |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
||
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Rated Line Pull per Layer |
lb |
12000 |
10000 |
8000 |
7000 |
||
|
kg |
5455 |
4545 |
3636 |
3182 |
|||
|
Length of Cable on Drum |
ft |
19.45 |
41.75 |
64.19 |
75.44 |
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|
m |
5.93 |
12.73 |
19.57 |
23 |
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Typical Applications: off-road vehicles, agricultural vehicles, ATV all-terrain vehicles, yachts, fire rescue vehicles, road barrier vehicles and other special vehicles, special vehicles.
Usages:
Plug the winch remote control into the winch. Your
winch should have come with a remote control attached to a long cord. Look for
the plug at the end of the cord and attach it to the corresponding receptacle
on the outside of the winch. Run the remote control cord from the winch to the
driver`s seat and place the remote control in your vehicle
Put on a pair of thick gloves. Never handle a winch cable without gloves on. The cable could cut your hands.
Find something in front of your car to anchor your winch to. A large tree trunk, boulder, or other vehicle is ideal.
Don`t anchor your winch to something small and weak or you risk breaking it.
Try to find an anchor that`s straight in front of your vehicle.
Use the disengage lever to release the winch cable. The disengage lever should be located on the outside of
the winch. The lever should have an option that says [free spool" or
[disengaged." Turn the lever to that option. This will release the cable so
you`re able to manually pull it out from the winch.
Pull the winch cable all the way to the anchor. Don't pull too
much of the cable out or you'll create unnecessary slack. Set the end of the
cable down next to the anchor.
If the winch cable doesn't reach the anchor, look for another anchor that's closer to your vehicle.
Wrap a tree trunk protector around the bottom of the anchor. A tree trunk protector is a thick nylon strap with two loops, one on each end. Wrap the protector around the anchor so the two end loops are facing you. Hold the two end loops in your hand.
If your winch didn`t come with a tree trunk protector, you can order one online or find one at your local hardware store.
Hook a D-shackle through the 2 loops on the protector. A D-shackle is a curved shackle with a large pin that screws in and out of the shackle. Remove the pin from the D-shackle and put the curved part of the D-shackle through both of the loops on the tree trunk protector. Once the loops are on the shackle, reinsert the pin and twist it to tighten it into place.
Hook the winch hook to the D-shackle with the tip facing up. The winch hook is the hook at the end of the winch cable
Turn the disengage lever back to [engaged." You want the lever to be back in the position it started in before you released the winch cable. This will prevent more cable from coming out of the winch.
Use the winch remote to slowly pull the winch cable taut. Press the button on the remote control to start pulling the winch cable back into the winch. This will cause the winch cable to tighten. Stop pressing the button when the cable is taut
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