This year, many farmers in greenhouses have reported that some melon seedlings have died. It is observed that it is not a hazard to bacteria, but is a typical ammonia poison. There are mainly the following types of hazards:
Free acid damage
The superphosphate used in the production and the superphosphate used in the compound fertilizer are generally produced from ore, and sulfuric acid is required in the production process, and many products are unstable in quality. In particular, some manufacturers use poor quality sulfuric acid, which can easily cause excessive levels of acids such as sulfuric acid in superphosphate products. Unqualified calcium phosphate contains harmful substances that can contaminate the soil, cause crop growth disorder, destroy the polar structure of the protoplasts of crop cells, affect the normal division of cells into pathological tissues, destroy the growth point of crops, affect the synthesis of chlorophyll, and affect crops. Causes different levels of harm. If you use this kind of superphosphate to mix rice, wheat and vegetable seeds, it is very easy to burn the seedlings, and in severe cases, it will cause dead seedlings.
The harm of biuret
When the temperature of urea in the granulation process is too high, a condensation reaction will be carried out to form a biuret (also known as biuret) which has permeability properties, which can cause dehydration of the seed cells and inhibit seed germination. Urea is applied in paddy fields. Due to the dilution of irrigation water, rice can withstand higher concentrations of biuret, and the concentration can reach 400 mg/L or more. Urea is used in melon and vegetable seedlings, especially attention should be paid to the harm of biuret to vegetable seedlings; in the case of drought, if the concentration of biuret exceeds 15 mg/l, the crop will die. Urea application in dry land, especially in winter crops, due to lower temperature and humidity, the decomposition of urea and biuret into ammonium is very slow. If the seedlings have been sown or transplanted, the concentrated solution will be like pickles. The water in the seed or seedling root is aspirated, and the toxicity of the high concentration of biuret affects the germination of the seed or causes the bud to die.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the early application of the base fertilizer, which must be planted 2 weeks after the application. If you want to grab the farm, you must apply urea in the planting ditch, then cover the thin soil on the top and plant on the thin soil. When the seeds are gradually rooted in the lower layer after germination, both urea and biuret have been converted into ammonium, absorbed by the soil, and gradually supplied to the shoots. Transplanting seedlings must be decomposed before they can be transplanted.
Ammonia poisoning
The compound fertilizer produced by using ammonium bicarbonate and urea as raw materials is easy to produce ammonia gas, especially the compound fertilizer product produced by using ammonium bicarbonate. When the water content exceeds the standard or the temperature is high, the ammonium bicarbonate decomposes itself into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. Relatively speaking, compound fertilizers produced with urea are less prone to ammonia, but in alkaline soils, urea-containing compound fertilizers are also prone to ammonia. Ammonia has a strong pungent odor and is highly corrosive, burning seeds, seedlings and roots. In addition, the application of urea or ammonium bicarbonate in greenhouses or greenhouses with high humidity is prone to ammonia volatilization, causing crops such as vegetables to be killed by ammonia poisoning. Because ammonium bicarbonate has strong volatility when the humidity is high and the temperature is high, the ammonia gas produced is irritating and corrosive. When the ammonia gas contacts the seed, it will spoil the seed and even burn the embryo, which will affect the germination and emergence. According to the test, 12.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is used as the wheat seed fertilizer per acre, and the emergence rate is less than 40%; if the ammonium bicarbonate is sprinkled on the rice seed box surface and then planted, the rotten germination rate is over 50%.
Free acid damage
The superphosphate used in the production and the superphosphate used in the compound fertilizer are generally produced from ore, and sulfuric acid is required in the production process, and many products are unstable in quality. In particular, some manufacturers use poor quality sulfuric acid, which can easily cause excessive levels of acids such as sulfuric acid in superphosphate products. Unqualified calcium phosphate contains harmful substances that can contaminate the soil, cause crop growth disorder, destroy the polar structure of the protoplasts of crop cells, affect the normal division of cells into pathological tissues, destroy the growth point of crops, affect the synthesis of chlorophyll, and affect crops. Causes different levels of harm. If you use this kind of superphosphate to mix rice, wheat and vegetable seeds, it is very easy to burn the seedlings, and in severe cases, it will cause dead seedlings.
The harm of biuret
When the temperature of urea in the granulation process is too high, a condensation reaction will be carried out to form a biuret (also known as biuret) which has permeability properties, which can cause dehydration of the seed cells and inhibit seed germination. Urea is applied in paddy fields. Due to the dilution of irrigation water, rice can withstand higher concentrations of biuret, and the concentration can reach 400 mg/L or more. Urea is used in melon and vegetable seedlings, especially attention should be paid to the harm of biuret to vegetable seedlings; in the case of drought, if the concentration of biuret exceeds 15 mg/l, the crop will die. Urea application in dry land, especially in winter crops, due to lower temperature and humidity, the decomposition of urea and biuret into ammonium is very slow. If the seedlings have been sown or transplanted, the concentrated solution will be like pickles. The water in the seed or seedling root is aspirated, and the toxicity of the high concentration of biuret affects the germination of the seed or causes the bud to die.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the early application of the base fertilizer, which must be planted 2 weeks after the application. If you want to grab the farm, you must apply urea in the planting ditch, then cover the thin soil on the top and plant on the thin soil. When the seeds are gradually rooted in the lower layer after germination, both urea and biuret have been converted into ammonium, absorbed by the soil, and gradually supplied to the shoots. Transplanting seedlings must be decomposed before they can be transplanted.
Ammonia poisoning
The compound fertilizer produced by using ammonium bicarbonate and urea as raw materials is easy to produce ammonia gas, especially the compound fertilizer product produced by using ammonium bicarbonate. When the water content exceeds the standard or the temperature is high, the ammonium bicarbonate decomposes itself into ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. Relatively speaking, compound fertilizers produced with urea are less prone to ammonia, but in alkaline soils, urea-containing compound fertilizers are also prone to ammonia. Ammonia has a strong pungent odor and is highly corrosive, burning seeds, seedlings and roots. In addition, the application of urea or ammonium bicarbonate in greenhouses or greenhouses with high humidity is prone to ammonia volatilization, causing crops such as vegetables to be killed by ammonia poisoning. Because ammonium bicarbonate has strong volatility when the humidity is high and the temperature is high, the ammonia gas produced is irritating and corrosive. When the ammonia gas contacts the seed, it will spoil the seed and even burn the embryo, which will affect the germination and emergence. According to the test, 12.5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is used as the wheat seed fertilizer per acre, and the emergence rate is less than 40%; if the ammonium bicarbonate is sprinkled on the rice seed box surface and then planted, the rotten germination rate is over 50%.
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