Analysis of risk factors of oil depots and safety measures

In the petrochemical production process, the oil depot is responsible for the important tasks of transit, storage and transportation. It is the base for oil storage. The supply station of the transfer station is an important business place for loading, unloading, storing and paying for gasoline and diesel. Not only the storage capacity is large, but also the number of frequent turnovers is high, and the annual throughput is also large.

1. Characteristics of the oil depot

The oil tank is dense, the single tank has a large volume, the total storage capacity is large, and there are many kinds of oil materials to be stored. As a warehouse for the transfer and storage of petroleum products, the oil depot has the danger of fire due to the physical and chemical properties of petroleum products. The storage and transportation operations in the oil depot, including the transportation and loading of oil products, the heating, heat preservation and heat tracing of heavy high-condensation points, as well as the inspection process of oil tanks and various equipment and facilities. In the middle, there is no accumulation of static electricity, the use of high-temperature heating elements and a large number of electrical equipment, the use of open flames, etc., these will undoubtedly pose a fire threat to the oil depot.

2. Analysis of risk factors

(1) Analysis of fire and explosion hazard characteristics of oil products

The oil is flammable and explosive; it has a large vapor pressure; it is easy to accumulate static electricity; it is easy to spread, flowing, and it is easy to expand and expand. Gasoline is a flammable liquid, diesel is a flammable liquid, gasoline belongs to Class A, diesel is classified as Class A, and light diesel is Class B. Therefore, gasoline and diesel fires are more dangerous.

(2) Analysis of fire and explosion hazard characteristics of important parts of oil depot

1 The oil tank area of ​​the oil tank area is the key part of the oil depot, and it is also a major hazard source. In addition, the operation is frequent, the tank accessories and pipe fittings are more, and a large number of easy fuel oil products are stored, which is a high incidence area for accidents. Through analogy investigation and identification analysis, there are accident risks such as fire explosion, running (mixing), high-altitude operations and personnel poisoning and suffocation.

2 Unloading pump house The unloading pump room is an important part of the oil depot.

The 3 paying oil zone is generally located at the entrance of the oil depot facing the road. It is an important production operation area for realizing the wholesale operation of refined oil products and finally paying oil products for oil purchasers. The main facilities in the area include fuel pumping room, fueling room, oil-filled crane pipe, flow meter series for transaction settlement, oil spill prevention and oil and gas for ensuring oil safety and reducing environmental pollution. Recycling and discharging electrostatic devices, etc. Obviously, the operation area is crowded with many people, and the mobility is large; there are many unsafe factors; the management is difficult, and it is easy to run, oil and fire explosion accidents.

4 Railway loading and unloading area The railway loading and unloading area is a special facility for unloading oil, mainly including railway special lines, loading and unloading bridges and so on. The accident-prone areas and dangerous points are as follows:

a) The locomotive chimney of the railway special line blasting or clearing the slag, the stray current breaks into the operation line and causes the fire; the slope change is not repaired in time, the tanker is not fixed after the alignment, and the car can also cause fire.

b) The operation of loading and unloading the trestle is incorrect, the grounding is poor, causing electrostatic discharge, the power distribution does not meet the requirements of explosion-proof, causing flash fire; the loading and unloading equipment does not return to the position after use, or the balance is not good and no fixed measures are taken, causing the equipment to be damaged and crushed. Wait.

3. Safety measures

The following safety measures are proposed for the characteristics and risk factors of the oil depot.

(1) Fire and explosion protection

The oil depot must have a certain mixture of ignition source and explosive concentration limit. The basic measure of fire and explosion prevention is to prevent the two conditions from coexisting, that is, to reduce oil evaporation, prevent oil and gas from forming explosive oil and gas mixture, or control and eliminate. The ignition source prevents the ignition source from acting on the oil and gas mixture. The measure to prevent the formation of explosive oil and gas mixtures is called a protective measure, and the measure to eliminate the ignition source is called secondary protection. Under normal circumstances, due to equipment and operating conditions, oil products will inevitably evaporate, forming an explosive mixture, relying on a protective measure is not up to the requirements, must take secondary protection measures to make up for the lack of a protective measure. Specifically, the following measures can be taken.

1 to reduce oil evaporation and reduce the concentration of oil and gas mixture mainly to take the following measures: prevent oil leakage; reduce the temperature difference inside the tank; use internal floating roof tank; carry out oil and gas recovery, reduce oil loss; improve equipment and operation; Inertial.

2 Control and elimination of fire source ignition sources are many types, each with its own characteristics, of which the threat of electrical and open flame is the biggest.

(2) Lightning protection

The lightning protection objects of the oil depot are mainly oil storage tanks, oil pipelines, loading and unloading oil cranes and trestle oil pumping houses and some relatively high-rise buildings (structures). The lightning protection measures are mostly based on conventional lightning protection devices, and lightning arresters and other devices are also used for lightning protection.

(3) Anti-static

Static electricity as an ignition source must cause four conditions for explosion and combustion. To reduce and control its risk, you can ensure safety by eliminating any one or more of these conditions. That is, to prevent and reduce the generation of static electricity; to try to conduct and neutralize the electrostatic charge generated; to have an electrostatic discharge without sufficient energy; to prevent the formation of explosive oil and gas mixtures.

(4) Safe use of electricity

1 Oil tank electrical equipment and line selection and installation must meet the explosion-proof level requirements of the power supply area, and the working grounding and protection grounding are in good condition;
2 Enhance the awareness of safe use of electricity, and strictly enforce the regulations for safe use of electric power management departments;
3 The electrician shall be certified to work, and the safe working procedures shall be strictly implemented during the operation;
4 The electric warning sign is eye-catching, and the protective equipment is intact and effective;
5 Electrical equipment and lines shall be repaired and scrapped in a timely manner with reference to relevant regulations;
6 carefully do the testing and inspection of the grounding device;
7 Do a good job in electrical equipment operation and inspection, test records;
8 In the event of a power outage, an explosion-proof safety light (device) should be used.

(5) Fall protection damage

1 Strengthen safety education and training before or before work, enhance the awareness of self-safety protection of posts, wear or wear labor protection articles according to the requirements of on-site work, and eliminate illegal operations;
2) The safety protection and lighting facilities are complete, the warning signs are obvious, and the construction or work site is clean and free of debris, which is convenient for construction work and evacuation;
3 Strictly implement the labor discipline and operating procedures for construction work, the materials and equipment are placed neatly, reasonably, safely and reliably. The inspection (dimensional) repair tools shall not be placed at the top of the tank top and must be placed in the tool bag (box);
4) Strengthen the inspection and maintenance of safety protection facilities, and promptly rectify problems to ensure their completeness and ease of use;
5 In the bad weather such as the wind above 6 or above, it is strictly forbidden to carry out construction or operation on the tank or other high places.