"The period of the 'Twelfth Five-Year Plan' period is not only the golden development period of the Chinese economy, but also the period of contradictions." Feng Fei, director of the Industrial Economic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, told reporters that during this period, we must balance development and adjustment, heavy chemical industry and The contradiction of the low-carbon economy will become more prominent. At the same time, the speed of urbanization will also further adjust the industrial structure.
Industrial structure faces major adjustments
In fact, starting from the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the state advocated the development of a low-carbon economy and achieved energy conservation and emission reduction. However, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, there was a significant difference between the energy conservation approach and the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period. During the Second Five-Year Plan period, more efforts will be made to adjust the industrial structure to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Not only China, after the financial crisis, "the global economy is transforming into a low-carbon economy, forming an industrial restructuring represented by the new energy industry." Feng Fei said.
At present, carbon emissions in developed countries mainly exist in the consumption sector, while developing countries mainly exist in the production chain. Specifically, in many developed countries, the ratio of carbon emissions between enterprises and residents is 3:7, that is, 30% of carbon is emitted by enterprises, and 70% of carbon is discharged by residents; for developing countries such as China On the contrary, 70% of carbon is emitted by enterprises, and 30% of carbon is emitted by residents. This also shows that in a long period of time in China, the main pressure to reduce carbon emissions is in the production field; the carbon dioxide intensity of GDP is greatly reduced (the ratio of carbon dioxide emissions of energy consumption in that year to the GDP of the year). It reflects the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the unit GDP, which in turn represents the economic benefits of the unit's carbon dioxide emissions. It is the core task of developing a low-carbon economy and mitigating carbon emissions in China and in the near future.
The state of industrial structure is a key factor in determining the carbon dioxide intensity of GDP. It is worth noting that China is in the period of accelerating industrialization and urbanization. Some high-carbon industries are still the leading industries supporting the development of the national economy; the more serious challenge is that the energy structure of China is bound by the conditions of resource endowment. With coal as the mainstay, the choice of low-carbon energy resources is limited. Therefore, China needs to adjust and optimize its industrial structure and reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the production sector.
However, in the stage where China's urbanization rate is still at a relatively low level, this adjustment has encountered great challenges; but on the other hand, if the industrial structure is not adjusted, it will also affect the city to a large extent. The process of rate. The two mutually retreat and need to coordinate development.
Specifically, the way to adjust the industrial structure is mainly: the industrial gradient transfer is replaced by “integrated transfer of industrial chain†to replace “transfer of industrial chainâ€, and “high-end technical cooperation†replaces “low-end industrial transferâ€; The virtual, the lighter and the lighter, the harder and softer, the modern service industry and the advanced manufacturing industry merge and develop; the main focus of regional economic competition is transformed into the industrial organization level and organizational efficiency; and the industrial policy, that is, the national and local government Orientation and planning have become the main variables affecting corporate investment behavior.
"The specific policy means and ideas have such a few points." Feng Fei further explained to reporters that the first is to expand the service industry's internal and external opening as a means, focusing on the upgrading of the service industry structure, and accelerate the development of the service industry. The policy ideas for promoting the upgrading of the service industry structure can be summarized as “promoting openness, removing obstacles, and setting the environmentâ€. Among them, expanding the internal and external opening of the service industry is a key link; the second is to promote technological innovation. We will focus on solving the supply mechanism of high-end common technology in the industry, developing industrial technology innovation alliances, and strengthening the innovation capacity building of enterprises; the third is to promote technological transformation of enterprises on a large scale, and the government will effectively promote social investment in the way of technological change and interest subsidies. To promote industrial development to a new historical starting point; Fourth, to focus on energy conservation and emission reduction, promote the upgrading of traditional industrial structure, and establish an exit mechanism for backward production capacity; Fifth, accelerate the reform of monopoly industries to facilitate industrial restructuring and Technological innovation; Sixth, to promote the orderly gradient transfer of the industry.
Clear four quantitative indicators
According to a person involved in the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, at present, the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†has basically identified four quantitative indicators for industrial restructuring.
First, at the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the proportion of the tertiary industry increased by four percentage points compared with 2010. The proportion of producer services in the service sector increased from nearly 30% in 2007 to 40%.
Second, the added value of high-tech industries accounted for the proportion of industrial added value, which was five percentage points higher than that of 2010, and the development of strategic emerging industries showed scale.
The third is the contribution rate of total factor productivity, which is 10-15 percentage points higher than that of 2010. The contribution of technological progress to economic growth has increased significantly.
Fourth, the capacity for sustainable development has been further enhanced. The energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by about 17% compared with 2010, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have dropped by about 20%.
Among them, for the development of strategic emerging industries, the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" will be gradually promoted according to three categories, and finally, to the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, different scales will be formed.
The first category is industries with mature technologies, good industrial bases, and functions that can play a role in the near future (such as the Internet of Things and next-generation Internet industries); the second category is industries with rapid technological progress and possible development in the near future. (such as new energy industry, energy conservation and environmental protection industry, new materials industry); the third category is the recent development, but the medium and long-term strategic significance of the industry (such as electric vehicle industry, biotechnology industry).
Feng Fei also suggested: "According to the OECD (OECD) forecast, by 2030, the application of biotechnology in the industrial sector will account for 39% of the total biotechnology production, 36% in the agricultural sector, and the health care sector. To 25%, the industrial application has the greatest potential. According to this trend, it is possible to consider increasing the investment in bio-agriculture and bio-manufacturing."
In addition, as the project's emission reduction efforts increase, it will also promote the adjustment of industrial structure to a certain extent. At present, China does not have the technology of economical and effective sludge treatment, high-concentration refractory industrial wastewater treatment, coal-fired NOx control, control chip for electric precipitator power supply, and high-temperature filter material for bag filter. The pulse valve, denitration catalyst, high-strength anti-pollution landfill leachate membrane material also depends on imports, and the stability of large unit desulfurization equipment, denitration equipment, and waste incineration equipment needs to be improved. Therefore, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the self-developed production of related technologies and equipment will also be the key projects. .
Petrochemical: Focusing on upgrading technology content
The reporter learned from the relevant experts of the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Planning Institute that the basic outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the petrochemical industry has been completed before, and the current refinement work has basically ended. It is being reviewed by relevant parties.
"From the perspective of core tasks, petrochemicals must first implement the strategic spirit of becoming bigger and stronger, and change from a manufacturing-oriented industrial development model to a creative one. Therefore, we propose to comprehensively adjust the petrochemical industry during the 'Twelfth Five-Year Plan' period. The core of the structure, upgrading competitiveness and upgrading technology is the most fundamental task," said the expert.
According to him, due to the continued impact of the international financial crisis, China's export products will be affected during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. In turn, large foreign companies will pay more attention to the Chinese market than before, so the industry competition and product competition in the Chinese market will be fiercer than the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€.
This has placed enormous competitive pressure on the petrochemical industry. In the opinion of the above experts, the key to coping with the above new changes is structural adjustment. “The whole industry has adjusted the structure to meet the domestic market from the upstream oil products, from the midstream chemical products to the downstream various chemical new materials products. To deal with the issue of international competition."
Among them, the first thing to be solved is the structural shortage of petrochemical products. “The original one said that there is a structural shortage. Everyone thinks about traditional products, but from last year’s situation, not only traditional chemicals, but even polypropylene and polypropylene. Structural problems have arisen in ABS, synthetic rubber, polystyrene, ethylene glycol, etc., the expert said.
Second is the issue of crude oil safety. "Petrochemical products should be developed with multiple resources, not more on the basis of crude oil." He believes that the biggest problem now restricting development is resources. We should find ways to solve this problem through international “going out†strategy and diversified development of resources.
In addition, he pointed out that the petrochemical industry is also a high-emissions industry. A major problem during the 12th Five-Year Plan period is how to achieve low-carbon development. “In addition to minimizing the consumption of carbon resources by itself, more measures are implemented to reduce energy consumption and reduce energy consumption within the industry to address our dependence on fossil resources.â€
Home appliances: promoting energy-saving technologies and new materials applications
The reporter was informed yesterday that the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†for the home appliance industry has been drafted and has been consulted at the enterprise level. It is expected to be reported to relevant departments in the near future; there will be relatively quantitative tasks for energy efficiency, major technologies and new materials. index.
It is understood that in the first draft, the China Household Electrical Appliances Association proposed that after ten years of efforts to achieve the goal of becoming a home appliance power by a large home appliance country, and based on this goal, the specific economic indicators, technological innovation indicators, and quality indicators of the "12th Five-Year Plan" were proposed. Energy conservation and environmental protection indicators and internationalization indicators.
In order to lay the foundation for strong home appliances, the main task of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period is to focus on technological innovation, to break through brand building, to improve management level, to focus on energy conservation, emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of resources, and to adopt product structure. Industrial structure, market structure adjustment, rational industrial layout, guide the development of the home appliance industry to the connotation direction, and achieve structural adjustment, industrial transformation and upgrading, and transformation of development mode. Around the main goals and tasks, the discussion paper also proposed specific measures and policy recommendations.
According to people close to the drafters, the current status of China's home appliance industry must be recognized. More enterprises are in a fully competitive environment. On the one hand, they repeat the old road of foreign guidance and domestic follow-up. On the other hand, they are operating through scale. Reduce costs and achieve revenue. Therefore, we must first realize the importance of changing ideas and growth methods.
Many enterprises have called for relevant departments to increase their policy support for core technologies and key components and components that affect the industry, and to change the current situation in which some key components of home appliances are still subject to people.
According to the drafters, in the current draft, energy conservation and environmental protection will be an important theme, and at the same time, relatively quantitative indicators are proposed for the specific tasks of the development of the home appliance industry, such as how much energy efficiency can be improved, and which core technologies are mainly developed. Etc. I hope that by guiding the innovation of technology, we will gradually increase the voice of China's home appliance standard system in the international arena, and increase the proportion of world-class home appliance brands in the industry.
The person also stressed that the planning also puts forward requirements for the application of new materials. For steel, copper, plastics and other materials for home appliances, it will encourage the use of more suitable materials for the needs of energy conservation and environmental protection. The reporter also learned that major technical projects related to the development of the home appliance industry are also expected to be supported by the competent authorities.
Analysts pointed out that this means that some companies that are the first to contribute to energy-saving technologies and participate in core technology, upstream materials and parts development will receive greater support. In addition to Haier, Zhigao and other complete machine manufacturers focusing on energy efficiency innovation, upstream enterprises such as compressor equipment manufacturing and new materials deserve special attention from investors, such as Shuangliang Energy Saving and Hesheng New Materials.
Tourism: total annual income increased by more than 12%
According to a person familiar with the National Tourism Administration, the first draft of the tourism “12th Five-Year Plan†has been completed. At the same time, the "National Tourism and Leisure Program" has also completed the solicitation of opinions in the provinces and municipalities, and is expected to be introduced in the near future. The "Outline" will promote the development of the tourism and leisure industry.
According to the planning objectives, China's tourism industry will usher in a golden period of development and maintain a high-speed development trend. By 2015, the number of domestic tourists will reach 3.3 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 10%; the total tourism revenue will increase by more than 12% annually, and the added value of tourism will increase to 4.5% of the national GDP, accounting for the added value of the service industry. The proportion is up to 12%.
“In 2009, total tourism revenue accounted for about 3.85% of GDP. By 2015, the value of tourism added value to national GDP has increased to 4.5%, total tourism revenue has increased by 12% per year, and the added value has increased by at least 15%.†This means that in the next five years, the development of tourism will be greatly accelerated.
In terms of regional planning, the relevant person in charge of the Regional Economic Research Institute of China Tourism Research Institute told this newspaper that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the development of the tourist source area will still be dominated by the eastern coastal areas, and the destinations will be coordinated in various areas. On the basis of the situation, it presents a trend from the east to the central and western regions. Among them, Xinjiang, Hainan and Yunnan are expected to be eye-catching, especially the changes in the traffic pattern in Xinjiang during the 12th Five-Year Plan period will have a significant effect on the improvement of the tourism environment. In addition, Northeast Asia and Yuci regions will also enter the chapters on international tourism and border tourism.
In the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, expanding the tourism industry element system and integrating development with other industries has also become one of the key points. Support for new tourism formats will also be mentioned in the plan. Among them, the joint development of tourism equipment manufacturing, cultural creativity, animation games and other industries is a clear direction of support.
Colored: prominent structural adjustment and total control
The documentary director of the Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, Documentary, told the Shanghai Securities News that the preliminary draft of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the non-ferrous metals drafted by the Association has been completed and is being reviewed by relevant experts. The central task of the development of the non-ferrous industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period is “structural adjustmentâ€. Among them, large metal varieties focus on the adjustment of industrial structure and production capacity structure; small metal varieties, especially those with reserves advantages in China, will further emphasize the orderly development and conservation of resources.
The literature army told this reporter that the key to the development of large metal varieties such as copper and aluminum is the structural adjustment of industrial structure and production capacity layout. For example, in the aluminum industry, electrolytic aluminum production capacity will shift from high electricity prices to energy-rich, low-energy, and environmentally-rich regions. In addition, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the industrial structure of the aluminum industry will be adjusted, and efforts will be made to expand the application of aluminum in China and continuously develop new application fields. Among them, the transportation sector will become a key promotion target.
“We are very optimistic about the consumption of aluminum. In addition to the large space for civilian consumption, the freight industry is the next application area to be promoted. It is completely feasible to change the original train from carbon steel to aluminum. Successful, it also has a very good effect on energy conservation and emission reduction." Documentary Army said that China's equipment manufacturing industry is backward, restricting the development of aluminum processing. Therefore, the aluminum industry should do two joints during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. One is to jointly develop the upstream equipment manufacturing industry and realize the localization of key equipment for aluminum processing as soon as possible; the second is to jointly develop new fields in the downstream application industry.
Earlier, it was reported that by 2015, the production of ten non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, nickel, tin, antimony, magnesium, titanium sponge and mercury will be controlled within 41 million tons. In this regard, the Documentary Army said that the specific amount of control has not yet been determined in the current research content.
Small metal is a big market highlight this year. The literature army revealed to reporters that the first draft of the special planning ideas for five rare metal varieties of tungsten, molybdenum, tin, antimony and rare earth has been completed. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we will further strengthen the orderly development and rational use of resources, such as tungsten, antimony and rare earth, to further enhance the orderly development and rational use of resources, and continue to promote mergers and acquisitions.
Take the rare earth resources that are of interest as an example. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China will further control the total amount of rare earths including total production and total exports. In addition to controlling mining and export links, the industry is still considering the gradual control of smelting and processing and circulation trade in the middle.
"In the past, China's rare earth pricing in resource costs and environmental protection costs are not considered enough. In the future, the above two factors should be gradually incorporated into the pricing system." The documentary army said that in addition to the pricing system is not reasonable, rare earths as industrial additives, the absolute amount Less, the downstream has better tolerance. Based on the above reasons, there is still room for further increase in rare earth prices. For the metal resources that are lacking in China and other countries, the overseas development and cooperation will be strengthened during the 12th Five-Year Plan period.
For the current chaotic situation in the rare earth industry, the literature army believes that in terms of protecting resources, the excessive dependence on the control of the export link can not achieve the desired effect. "Reducing quotas and increasing tax rates are all aimed at increasing the cost of rare earth exports, but this will in turn increase the smuggling of profit margins and stimulate smuggling. Therefore, we must emphasize comprehensive governance, especially to strengthen comprehensive governance enforcement. Strength.†The Documentary Army said that the association has been calling for unified planning and management, and all control must be implemented from mining, intermediate smelting and processing, circulation trade, and exports. Mining and export are now under control, and the other two areas are not clearly regulated for the time being. The licensing system should be gradually applied in the future. In addition, China should also study and establish a corresponding rare earth reserve system.
Industrial structure faces major adjustments
In fact, starting from the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the state advocated the development of a low-carbon economy and achieved energy conservation and emission reduction. However, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, there was a significant difference between the energy conservation approach and the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period. During the Second Five-Year Plan period, more efforts will be made to adjust the industrial structure to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Not only China, after the financial crisis, "the global economy is transforming into a low-carbon economy, forming an industrial restructuring represented by the new energy industry." Feng Fei said.
At present, carbon emissions in developed countries mainly exist in the consumption sector, while developing countries mainly exist in the production chain. Specifically, in many developed countries, the ratio of carbon emissions between enterprises and residents is 3:7, that is, 30% of carbon is emitted by enterprises, and 70% of carbon is discharged by residents; for developing countries such as China On the contrary, 70% of carbon is emitted by enterprises, and 30% of carbon is emitted by residents. This also shows that in a long period of time in China, the main pressure to reduce carbon emissions is in the production field; the carbon dioxide intensity of GDP is greatly reduced (the ratio of carbon dioxide emissions of energy consumption in that year to the GDP of the year). It reflects the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the unit GDP, which in turn represents the economic benefits of the unit's carbon dioxide emissions. It is the core task of developing a low-carbon economy and mitigating carbon emissions in China and in the near future.
The state of industrial structure is a key factor in determining the carbon dioxide intensity of GDP. It is worth noting that China is in the period of accelerating industrialization and urbanization. Some high-carbon industries are still the leading industries supporting the development of the national economy; the more serious challenge is that the energy structure of China is bound by the conditions of resource endowment. With coal as the mainstay, the choice of low-carbon energy resources is limited. Therefore, China needs to adjust and optimize its industrial structure and reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the production sector.
However, in the stage where China's urbanization rate is still at a relatively low level, this adjustment has encountered great challenges; but on the other hand, if the industrial structure is not adjusted, it will also affect the city to a large extent. The process of rate. The two mutually retreat and need to coordinate development.
Specifically, the way to adjust the industrial structure is mainly: the industrial gradient transfer is replaced by “integrated transfer of industrial chain†to replace “transfer of industrial chainâ€, and “high-end technical cooperation†replaces “low-end industrial transferâ€; The virtual, the lighter and the lighter, the harder and softer, the modern service industry and the advanced manufacturing industry merge and develop; the main focus of regional economic competition is transformed into the industrial organization level and organizational efficiency; and the industrial policy, that is, the national and local government Orientation and planning have become the main variables affecting corporate investment behavior.
"The specific policy means and ideas have such a few points." Feng Fei further explained to reporters that the first is to expand the service industry's internal and external opening as a means, focusing on the upgrading of the service industry structure, and accelerate the development of the service industry. The policy ideas for promoting the upgrading of the service industry structure can be summarized as “promoting openness, removing obstacles, and setting the environmentâ€. Among them, expanding the internal and external opening of the service industry is a key link; the second is to promote technological innovation. We will focus on solving the supply mechanism of high-end common technology in the industry, developing industrial technology innovation alliances, and strengthening the innovation capacity building of enterprises; the third is to promote technological transformation of enterprises on a large scale, and the government will effectively promote social investment in the way of technological change and interest subsidies. To promote industrial development to a new historical starting point; Fourth, to focus on energy conservation and emission reduction, promote the upgrading of traditional industrial structure, and establish an exit mechanism for backward production capacity; Fifth, accelerate the reform of monopoly industries to facilitate industrial restructuring and Technological innovation; Sixth, to promote the orderly gradient transfer of the industry.
Clear four quantitative indicators
According to a person involved in the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, at present, the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†has basically identified four quantitative indicators for industrial restructuring.
First, at the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the proportion of the tertiary industry increased by four percentage points compared with 2010. The proportion of producer services in the service sector increased from nearly 30% in 2007 to 40%.
Second, the added value of high-tech industries accounted for the proportion of industrial added value, which was five percentage points higher than that of 2010, and the development of strategic emerging industries showed scale.
The third is the contribution rate of total factor productivity, which is 10-15 percentage points higher than that of 2010. The contribution of technological progress to economic growth has increased significantly.
Fourth, the capacity for sustainable development has been further enhanced. The energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by about 17% compared with 2010, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have dropped by about 20%.
Among them, for the development of strategic emerging industries, the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" will be gradually promoted according to three categories, and finally, to the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, different scales will be formed.
The first category is industries with mature technologies, good industrial bases, and functions that can play a role in the near future (such as the Internet of Things and next-generation Internet industries); the second category is industries with rapid technological progress and possible development in the near future. (such as new energy industry, energy conservation and environmental protection industry, new materials industry); the third category is the recent development, but the medium and long-term strategic significance of the industry (such as electric vehicle industry, biotechnology industry).
Feng Fei also suggested: "According to the OECD (OECD) forecast, by 2030, the application of biotechnology in the industrial sector will account for 39% of the total biotechnology production, 36% in the agricultural sector, and the health care sector. To 25%, the industrial application has the greatest potential. According to this trend, it is possible to consider increasing the investment in bio-agriculture and bio-manufacturing."
In addition, as the project's emission reduction efforts increase, it will also promote the adjustment of industrial structure to a certain extent. At present, China does not have the technology of economical and effective sludge treatment, high-concentration refractory industrial wastewater treatment, coal-fired NOx control, control chip for electric precipitator power supply, and high-temperature filter material for bag filter. The pulse valve, denitration catalyst, high-strength anti-pollution landfill leachate membrane material also depends on imports, and the stability of large unit desulfurization equipment, denitration equipment, and waste incineration equipment needs to be improved. Therefore, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the self-developed production of related technologies and equipment will also be the key projects. .
Petrochemical: Focusing on upgrading technology content
The reporter learned from the relevant experts of the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Planning Institute that the basic outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the petrochemical industry has been completed before, and the current refinement work has basically ended. It is being reviewed by relevant parties.
"From the perspective of core tasks, petrochemicals must first implement the strategic spirit of becoming bigger and stronger, and change from a manufacturing-oriented industrial development model to a creative one. Therefore, we propose to comprehensively adjust the petrochemical industry during the 'Twelfth Five-Year Plan' period. The core of the structure, upgrading competitiveness and upgrading technology is the most fundamental task," said the expert.
According to him, due to the continued impact of the international financial crisis, China's export products will be affected during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. In turn, large foreign companies will pay more attention to the Chinese market than before, so the industry competition and product competition in the Chinese market will be fiercer than the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€.
This has placed enormous competitive pressure on the petrochemical industry. In the opinion of the above experts, the key to coping with the above new changes is structural adjustment. “The whole industry has adjusted the structure to meet the domestic market from the upstream oil products, from the midstream chemical products to the downstream various chemical new materials products. To deal with the issue of international competition."
Among them, the first thing to be solved is the structural shortage of petrochemical products. “The original one said that there is a structural shortage. Everyone thinks about traditional products, but from last year’s situation, not only traditional chemicals, but even polypropylene and polypropylene. Structural problems have arisen in ABS, synthetic rubber, polystyrene, ethylene glycol, etc., the expert said.
Second is the issue of crude oil safety. "Petrochemical products should be developed with multiple resources, not more on the basis of crude oil." He believes that the biggest problem now restricting development is resources. We should find ways to solve this problem through international “going out†strategy and diversified development of resources.
In addition, he pointed out that the petrochemical industry is also a high-emissions industry. A major problem during the 12th Five-Year Plan period is how to achieve low-carbon development. “In addition to minimizing the consumption of carbon resources by itself, more measures are implemented to reduce energy consumption and reduce energy consumption within the industry to address our dependence on fossil resources.â€
Home appliances: promoting energy-saving technologies and new materials applications
The reporter was informed yesterday that the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†for the home appliance industry has been drafted and has been consulted at the enterprise level. It is expected to be reported to relevant departments in the near future; there will be relatively quantitative tasks for energy efficiency, major technologies and new materials. index.
It is understood that in the first draft, the China Household Electrical Appliances Association proposed that after ten years of efforts to achieve the goal of becoming a home appliance power by a large home appliance country, and based on this goal, the specific economic indicators, technological innovation indicators, and quality indicators of the "12th Five-Year Plan" were proposed. Energy conservation and environmental protection indicators and internationalization indicators.
In order to lay the foundation for strong home appliances, the main task of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period is to focus on technological innovation, to break through brand building, to improve management level, to focus on energy conservation, emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of resources, and to adopt product structure. Industrial structure, market structure adjustment, rational industrial layout, guide the development of the home appliance industry to the connotation direction, and achieve structural adjustment, industrial transformation and upgrading, and transformation of development mode. Around the main goals and tasks, the discussion paper also proposed specific measures and policy recommendations.
According to people close to the drafters, the current status of China's home appliance industry must be recognized. More enterprises are in a fully competitive environment. On the one hand, they repeat the old road of foreign guidance and domestic follow-up. On the other hand, they are operating through scale. Reduce costs and achieve revenue. Therefore, we must first realize the importance of changing ideas and growth methods.
Many enterprises have called for relevant departments to increase their policy support for core technologies and key components and components that affect the industry, and to change the current situation in which some key components of home appliances are still subject to people.
According to the drafters, in the current draft, energy conservation and environmental protection will be an important theme, and at the same time, relatively quantitative indicators are proposed for the specific tasks of the development of the home appliance industry, such as how much energy efficiency can be improved, and which core technologies are mainly developed. Etc. I hope that by guiding the innovation of technology, we will gradually increase the voice of China's home appliance standard system in the international arena, and increase the proportion of world-class home appliance brands in the industry.
The person also stressed that the planning also puts forward requirements for the application of new materials. For steel, copper, plastics and other materials for home appliances, it will encourage the use of more suitable materials for the needs of energy conservation and environmental protection. The reporter also learned that major technical projects related to the development of the home appliance industry are also expected to be supported by the competent authorities.
Analysts pointed out that this means that some companies that are the first to contribute to energy-saving technologies and participate in core technology, upstream materials and parts development will receive greater support. In addition to Haier, Zhigao and other complete machine manufacturers focusing on energy efficiency innovation, upstream enterprises such as compressor equipment manufacturing and new materials deserve special attention from investors, such as Shuangliang Energy Saving and Hesheng New Materials.
Tourism: total annual income increased by more than 12%
According to a person familiar with the National Tourism Administration, the first draft of the tourism “12th Five-Year Plan†has been completed. At the same time, the "National Tourism and Leisure Program" has also completed the solicitation of opinions in the provinces and municipalities, and is expected to be introduced in the near future. The "Outline" will promote the development of the tourism and leisure industry.
According to the planning objectives, China's tourism industry will usher in a golden period of development and maintain a high-speed development trend. By 2015, the number of domestic tourists will reach 3.3 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 10%; the total tourism revenue will increase by more than 12% annually, and the added value of tourism will increase to 4.5% of the national GDP, accounting for the added value of the service industry. The proportion is up to 12%.
“In 2009, total tourism revenue accounted for about 3.85% of GDP. By 2015, the value of tourism added value to national GDP has increased to 4.5%, total tourism revenue has increased by 12% per year, and the added value has increased by at least 15%.†This means that in the next five years, the development of tourism will be greatly accelerated.
In terms of regional planning, the relevant person in charge of the Regional Economic Research Institute of China Tourism Research Institute told this newspaper that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the development of the tourist source area will still be dominated by the eastern coastal areas, and the destinations will be coordinated in various areas. On the basis of the situation, it presents a trend from the east to the central and western regions. Among them, Xinjiang, Hainan and Yunnan are expected to be eye-catching, especially the changes in the traffic pattern in Xinjiang during the 12th Five-Year Plan period will have a significant effect on the improvement of the tourism environment. In addition, Northeast Asia and Yuci regions will also enter the chapters on international tourism and border tourism.
In the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, expanding the tourism industry element system and integrating development with other industries has also become one of the key points. Support for new tourism formats will also be mentioned in the plan. Among them, the joint development of tourism equipment manufacturing, cultural creativity, animation games and other industries is a clear direction of support.
Colored: prominent structural adjustment and total control
The documentary director of the Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, Documentary, told the Shanghai Securities News that the preliminary draft of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the non-ferrous metals drafted by the Association has been completed and is being reviewed by relevant experts. The central task of the development of the non-ferrous industry during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period is “structural adjustmentâ€. Among them, large metal varieties focus on the adjustment of industrial structure and production capacity structure; small metal varieties, especially those with reserves advantages in China, will further emphasize the orderly development and conservation of resources.
The literature army told this reporter that the key to the development of large metal varieties such as copper and aluminum is the structural adjustment of industrial structure and production capacity layout. For example, in the aluminum industry, electrolytic aluminum production capacity will shift from high electricity prices to energy-rich, low-energy, and environmentally-rich regions. In addition, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the industrial structure of the aluminum industry will be adjusted, and efforts will be made to expand the application of aluminum in China and continuously develop new application fields. Among them, the transportation sector will become a key promotion target.
“We are very optimistic about the consumption of aluminum. In addition to the large space for civilian consumption, the freight industry is the next application area to be promoted. It is completely feasible to change the original train from carbon steel to aluminum. Successful, it also has a very good effect on energy conservation and emission reduction." Documentary Army said that China's equipment manufacturing industry is backward, restricting the development of aluminum processing. Therefore, the aluminum industry should do two joints during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. One is to jointly develop the upstream equipment manufacturing industry and realize the localization of key equipment for aluminum processing as soon as possible; the second is to jointly develop new fields in the downstream application industry.
Earlier, it was reported that by 2015, the production of ten non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, nickel, tin, antimony, magnesium, titanium sponge and mercury will be controlled within 41 million tons. In this regard, the Documentary Army said that the specific amount of control has not yet been determined in the current research content.
Small metal is a big market highlight this year. The literature army revealed to reporters that the first draft of the special planning ideas for five rare metal varieties of tungsten, molybdenum, tin, antimony and rare earth has been completed. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we will further strengthen the orderly development and rational use of resources, such as tungsten, antimony and rare earth, to further enhance the orderly development and rational use of resources, and continue to promote mergers and acquisitions.
Take the rare earth resources that are of interest as an example. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China will further control the total amount of rare earths including total production and total exports. In addition to controlling mining and export links, the industry is still considering the gradual control of smelting and processing and circulation trade in the middle.
"In the past, China's rare earth pricing in resource costs and environmental protection costs are not considered enough. In the future, the above two factors should be gradually incorporated into the pricing system." The documentary army said that in addition to the pricing system is not reasonable, rare earths as industrial additives, the absolute amount Less, the downstream has better tolerance. Based on the above reasons, there is still room for further increase in rare earth prices. For the metal resources that are lacking in China and other countries, the overseas development and cooperation will be strengthened during the 12th Five-Year Plan period.
For the current chaotic situation in the rare earth industry, the literature army believes that in terms of protecting resources, the excessive dependence on the control of the export link can not achieve the desired effect. "Reducing quotas and increasing tax rates are all aimed at increasing the cost of rare earth exports, but this will in turn increase the smuggling of profit margins and stimulate smuggling. Therefore, we must emphasize comprehensive governance, especially to strengthen comprehensive governance enforcement. Strength.†The Documentary Army said that the association has been calling for unified planning and management, and all control must be implemented from mining, intermediate smelting and processing, circulation trade, and exports. Mining and export are now under control, and the other two areas are not clearly regulated for the time being. The licensing system should be gradually applied in the future. In addition, China should also study and establish a corresponding rare earth reserve system.
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