Under the current global price increase of feed ingredients, how should farm operators deal with it? Industry colleagues know that the cost of raising pigs is mostly from feed, and feed costs account for about 70%. In the production of pigs, in addition to the direct impact of feed prices on feed costs, other relevant factors also directly or indirectly have an immeasurable impact on the operating efficiency of the farm, but these factors often do not cause sufficient attention to the pig farmers. To this end, the author combined with the investigation practice of some pig farms in recent years, focused on the impact of feed-related factors on the operating efficiency of the farm, and put forward suggestions for the pig industry.
First, the feed-related factors affecting the operating efficiency of the farm
1. Unreasonable feed formula
(1) blindly copying other people's feed formulas
To improve feed utilization and conversion rates and reduce feed costs, there must be a scientifically sound feed formula. The survey found that about 40% of pig farms have problems in blindly copying other people's feed formulas, resulting in uncoordinated raw materials and unbalanced nutrition, which reduces utilization efficiency and wastes feed, thereby increasing feed costs and reducing farm operating efficiency.
(2) Seasonal changes and feed formula unchanged
The survey found that about 30% of the farms had seasonal changes and the feed formula remained the same. Main performance: In the hot summer, it continues to use high-energy formula to waste energy, and continue to use high-protein formula to waste protein in the cold winter.
(3) Changes in the properties of feed ingredients and the formula remains unchanged
In autumn and winter, it is often heard that some pig farmers complain that the quality of the premix or concentrate is not good, and the pigs do not eat long. According to the survey, the reason for the slow growth of pigs is not caused by the quality of the premix or concentrate, but by the excessive moisture of the corn. Due to the low temperature in autumn and winter, the energy demand of pigs is greater than that in spring and summer. At this time, most of the corn is newly harvested, and the water content is more than 20%. Not modifying the formula will affect the normal growth of the pig.
(4) The physiological stage changes and the formula remains unchanged, mainly in:
1 The sow is single in shape, one formula is fed to the end; or although there are several recipes, the stage is not correctly divided. This may lead to the following situations: First, the lack of energy in the pre-production, reducing the number of ovulation, resulting in fewer litter size; second, the early intake of sows in early pregnancy, leading to increased early embryo death; Insufficient food intake (including energy) in the late pregnancy leads to the birth weight; fourth is the best period of breast development (70th to 90th pregnancy). The sows are over- in the sows, resulting in postpartum lack of milk in the sows;
2 big pigs eat small pigs and cause waste. Some small pig farm owners have less professional knowledge, think that piglets eat suckling pigs, pigs eat piglets,
Large pigs eat piglets to increase nutrition and promote growth. In fact, this will result in waste of feed costs. In particular, letting the reserve pigs eat fattening pigs greatly delays the estrus time of the sows, affecting the normal breeding, and the losses are not small.
2. Improper feed processing technology
The investigation found that the problem of improper processing technology in different degrees of pig farms is mainly reflected in:
(1) The processing machinery is low grade or not repaired or replaced in time, resulting in insufficient smashing or uneven mixing;
(2) Insufficient manual mixing of small pig farms, or the order of additives, premixes, bulk materials, etc., is disordered, and the waste caused by uneven mixing;
(3) The weighing staff's sense of responsibility is not strong or the importance of accurate weighing of raw materials is insufficient, and the accuracy of the weighing device leads to inaccurate weighing of raw materials, and the compound feed does not meet the formulation requirements;
(4) Ignoring the importance of compound feed, when there is a lack of a raw material, it is easy to replace it with other raw materials or shoddy raw materials, such as using wet corn instead of dry corn;
(5) In the spring and summer, the ingredient warehouse is damp or has a dead angle, which causes a large error in the quantity or quality of the ingredients.
The above five conditions will destroy the rationality of the feed formula and reduce the feed utilization rate and cause feed waste.
3. Feeding mildew and mildew easily overlooked factors, mainly in the following situations:
(1) Only pay attention to whether the feed ingredients (such as corn) are over-standard when purchased, and ignore whether it has been mildewed before;
(2) Only pay attention to the detection and control of aflatoxin in feed ingredients, while ignoring the detection and prevention of other mycotoxins (such as ochratoxin, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, fusarium, etc.)
(3) only pay attention to the addition of anti-mold agent in the feed (this method is equal to "post-horse gun" for the moldy feed, neglecting the mildew and detoxification of the moldy feed;
(4) Only pay attention to the feed mold prevention work before feeding, and ignore the influence of the mold and the mold in the column on the pig after feeding. All of the above conditions will affect the mildew and mildew resistance of the feed to varying degrees, so that the herd is inevitably endangered by mycotoxins. Lighter growth is slow, and severe cases lead to reproductive disorders and the induction of disease.
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