Photovoltaics, as a representative of new energy sources, has long existed in ordinary people's sci-fi distant imagination. Actually, the use of light energy can be very close to us - close to our head. BIPV, or "integration of photovoltaic buildings," has already been explored more maturely in foreign countries, and it is also becoming the next hot spot in the field of photovoltaic investment in China. When the blue sky is less and less, our expectations for BIPV may soon become a reality.
The Enlightenment of "APEC Blue"
"APEC Blue" is a color, it is an important environmental enlightenment: As long as the optimization of energy use structure, reduce the proportion of coal in primary energy use, reduce pollutant emissions, "blue sky and white clouds" is not difficult. In coal-rich China, 70% of electricity is obtained by burning coal. Globally, coal is also an important primary energy source. The disadvantages and advantages of coal are just as obvious. This cheap, readily available, long-lived energy source is often labeled as “dirty†and is widely considered to be a major alternative to emerging renewable energy sources.
On the other hand, that is, the structure of energy consumption, human beings have caused a lot of unnecessary waste for their own comfort. The data shows that building energy consumption accounts for about 30% of the total global energy consumption, which is not only a constraint on the energy industry, but also on global productivity. So, on the premise of ensuring comfortable life, do we have some possible "throttling" means?
BIPV is such a means that it combines the improvement of energy structure and the reduction of building energy consumption. In the United States, Japan, and some European countries, it is not uncommon for PV to be directly deployed on buildings. Photovoltaic equipment forms a piece of roof and curtain wall, which is a modern response to human energy consumption.
The concept of BIPV was advocated in the 1980s by the founder of the American Solar Energy Association, Steven Worstens. After more than 30 years of development, photovoltaic buildings have gained popularity in Europe. According to the statistics of the European Industry Association, photovoltaic buildings It accounts for 80% of all photovoltaic applications. In the United States, this figure also reaches about 60%.
In China, photovoltaic buildings still stay on the application of demonstration projects. For example, the Beijing APEC meeting did a good job on energy-saving buildings: the conference center on Yanqi Lake uses the energy “triple supply†and solar energy curtain wall. , Solar water heaters and other environmental protection facilities; hotels where leaders of various countries have also adopted a number of environmental protection and energy-saving technologies; there are also meeting the core area of ​​the carport also uses solar thin film power generation technology.
The short-term six-day APEC meeting shows that it is not easy to summarize the benefits of energy-saving buildings. It is not easy to summarize them with simple numbers. However, the BIPV demonstration project in China is far more than this. The intensive introduction of photovoltaic incentive policies by the National Energy Administration this year has enabled domestic PV manufacturers to see the market opportunities for BIPV in the future and have shifted from upstream component manufacturers to downstream PV application service providers.
Atos Sunshine Power CEO Yan Xiaoyu once said that if someone is willing to pick up his plate, he now wants to rush to the field of distributed photovoltaic applications to start a new business. In addition, in May this year, Shunfeng Optoelectronics acquired Sunways AG PV inverter and photovoltaic building integration business; at the end of 2013, AVIC Sanxin issued an announcement that it plans to invest RMB 570 million to establish a Zhuhai PV building base; and to provide solar products for the Beijing APEC conference carport. Hanergy Thin Film Power Generation Group, on the eve of the APEC meeting, Hanergy transformed its Beijing headquarters building into a BIPV building to demonstrate its determination to enter the PV downstream applications. The total installed capacity of the project is 3MW, and the installed capacity of the first phase is 600KW, which can solve 20% of the Group's headquarters' energy demand. After the second phase is completed, it will achieve 100% energy self-sufficiency of the group headquarters. According to Hanergy, the project generates 3 million kWh of electricity each year, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 2,500 tons per year. This is equivalent to planting 140,000 trees and reducing the emissions of 780 vehicle exhausts.
Economic considerations
These moves from the business community have clearly pointed to one point: BIPV is already the next investment hot spot for the photovoltaic industry. However, although the environmental effects of the BIPV demonstration project are obvious, “economy†is still a key factor that plagues its commercialization.
Han Min, Vice Chairman of the Thin Film Power Generation Group, told reporters that compared to ordinary curtain wall cost, the solar energy curtain wall per square meter is 800-1200 yuan more expensive, and special curtain walls are even more expensive. From the point of view of power generation revenue, electricity generated per square meter of photovoltaic curtain walls during the construction life cycle (about 25 years) can bring 1,437 yuan in revenue. In addition, according to the subsidy standards of green energy-saving buildings and the benefits of shading and heat insulation and emission reduction, The increase of 2846 yuan, the total explicit return is 4349 yuan.
"Only calculating explicit returns, BIPV's payback period is 8-12 years, so its large-scale commercial promotion is without any problems." Liu Min thinks so.
However, BIPV will show better market prospects if it also includes invisible returns. Because energy-saving buildings can obtain higher rental income compared with ordinary buildings, after Hanergy's own calculation, the per square meter of photovoltaic curtain wall can increase the added value of construction valued at 4,950 yuan.
Not to mention the social benefits of photovoltaic buildings - a total of 2.5 tons of carbon emissions per square meter of thin-film power generation and building integration systems can be achieved during the construction life cycle, which is equivalent to a variety of 14 trees, reducing one vehicle's exhaust emissions by one year. It has a positive effect on improving air quality.
For the BIPV market, it will provide new development models for the development of these two industries because it spans both the building and solar energy industries. Solar suppliers have begun to work with construction-related companies, including designers and architects, and have gained more from new market developments. At the same time, real estate developers are also actively looking for new performance growth points in green energy-saving buildings.
Taking Beautiful Homeland Holdings Co., Ltd. as an example, it is a company that specializes in R&D, design, production and sales of leisure household products and wooden house villas. More than half of its turnover comes from Europe and the United States. In October this year, “Beautiful Home†and Hanergy Huayu Company has signed a strategic cooperation agreement. In the next three years, the two parties will jointly develop a new type of smart home wooden house villas and photovoltaic components wood products.
The sales network for the downstream solar products is a matter of urgency for companies that are transitioning from upstream PV module manufacturers to downstream application service providers. In 2012, Hanergy announced cooperation with IKEA and hoped to use IKEA's global store to sell its own solar power system. Photovoltaic application service providers have always hoped to rewrite the image of solar energy. Solar energy is not only a large photovoltaic power station, but also a high-end area that can be touched by distributed photovoltaic investors. In the future, solar energy may become a mass consumer product like a bed and a table. .
A step away from commercialization?
Solar energy is different from traditional energy sources, such as coal and oil. Whoever has the resources has the right to speak. In the solar energy field, who owns technology can convert invaluable solar energy into valuable energy.
The characteristics of solar energy are more suitable as a form of distributed energy use rather than a centralized large-scale photovoltaic power plant. Ju Xiaoxiao judged that China's photovoltaic market will follow the rules of foreign countries, first the development of ground power stations, followed by the blooming of industrial and agricultural distributed projects, and finally the outbreak of household distributed photovoltaic projects.
“Photovoltaic is the best technology for distributed power stations. Photovoltaic power generation should be distributed, but it will take some time. Now it is difficult, but one day everyone will be very surprised.†He looks forward to it.
Photovoltaic building is a form of utilization of distributed energy. At present, China's BIPV market is still a huge blue ocean. According to calculations, the potential installed capacity of existing and new integrated new energy buildings in the country will be around 1 billion kilowatts by 2020—this is equivalent to the addition of 368 Gezhouba or 45 Three Gorges Projects.
Li Hejun, chairman of the board of directors of Hanergy Holding Group, optimistically estimates that the potential direct scale of the BIPV market will reach 10 trillion yuan, and the integration of photovoltaic buildings will indirectly drive the economic growth scale up to 30 trillion yuan, accumulatively creating 4 trillion yuan in fiscal revenue. He also predicted that by 2020, the large-scale application of photovoltaic building integration could replace 30% of the society's annual electricity demand.
There is still a lot of bottlenecks that need to be overcome if photovoltaic buildings are to be promoted in large-scale commercialization in the country. First, market awareness needs to be improved. At present, developed countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the European Union have already implemented bidirectional net power settlements between BIPV projects and the power grid. This policy enables consumers with BIPV power generation facilities to compare their electricity bills according to the amount of electricity delivered to the grid. The bills and the two-way settlement between the power grid and the multi-return and less-revenue, that is, only the calculation of "net consumption".
In such a convenient environment, the public recognition of renewable energy in Europe and the United States is naturally higher. And the market has also undergone a long process of cultivation and development. However, China really encourages the development of distributed solar energy applications since it started last year. The market cultivation process is still very short. Therefore, people's cognition is also "simple and crude", that is, "the new is expensive."
Li Hejun believes that if relevant taxation and preferential policies are introduced at the national level to force the development of the industry, the cost of electricity for BIPV can reach around 0.3 yuan, and even the regions with good lighting conditions can be less than 0.3 yuan, which can not occupy the fiscal one. Equipping the Internet at the same price under the condition of splitting funds: "The real problem is the recognition of the market and the shift in the concept of energy use."
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