At present, the expansion of laser welding applications is mainly used in: manufacturing applications, powder metallurgy, automotive, electronics, biomedical, and other fields such as BT20 titanium alloy [22], Hel30 alloy [23], Li-ion battery. [24] Laser welding.
The characteristic of laser welding is that the workpiece to be welded has very little deformation, almost no joint gap, and the welding depth/width ratio is high, so the welding quality is higher than the conventional welding method. However, such as ensuring the quality of laser welding, that is, laser welding process monitoring and quality control is an important part of the field of laser utilization, including the use of various sensors such as inductors, capacitors, sound waves, photoelectrics, etc., through electronic computer processing, for different welding Objects and requirements, such as weld seam tracking, defect detection, weld quality monitoring and other projects, through the feedback control to adjust the welding process parameters, thus achieving automated laser welding. In laser welding, the beam focus position is one of the most critical control process parameters. At a certain laser power and welding speed, only the focus is in the optimal position range to obtain the maximum penetration depth and good weld shape. In actual laser welding, in order to avoid and reduce the factors affecting the stability of the focus position, special clamping and equipment technology is required. The accuracy of this equipment is complementary to the quality of laser welding.
The main characteristics of laser welding. Compared with other traditional welding techniques, the main advantages of laser welding are: 1. Fast speed, large depth and small deformation. 2. It can be welded at room temperature or under special conditions, and the welding equipment is simple. For example, the laser passes through an electromagnetic field, and the beam does not shift; the laser can be soldered in vacuum, air, and a certain gas environment, and can be welded through glass or a material that is transparent to the beam. 3, can weld refractory materials such as titanium, quartz, etc., and can weld the opposite material, the effect is good. 4. After laser focusing, the power density is high. When welding high-power devices, the aspect ratio can reach 5:1, and the maximum can reach 10:1. 5. Micro-welding can be performed. The laser beam is focused to obtain a small spot, and can be accurately positioned, and can be applied to the mass welding of small and small workpieces that are automatically produced in large quantities. 6. It can weld non-accessible parts and perform non-contact long-distance welding, which has great flexibility. Especially in recent years, the optical fiber transmission technology has been adopted in the YAG laser processing technology, which has made the laser welding technology more widely popularized and applied. 7. The laser beam can easily realize beam splitting according to time and space, and can perform multi-beam simultaneous processing and multi-station processing, which provides conditions for more precise welding.
However, laser welding also has certain limitations: 1. It requires high precision assembly of the weldment, and requires that the position of the beam on the workpiece cannot be significantly offset. This is because the spot size of the spot is small after the laser is focused, and the weld is narrow, which is filled with a metal material. If the workpiece assembly accuracy or beam positioning accuracy does not meet the requirements, it is easy to cause soldering defects. 2. The cost of the laser and its related systems is relatively high, and the one-time investment is large.
The characteristic of laser welding is that the workpiece to be welded has very little deformation, almost no joint gap, and the welding depth/width ratio is high, so the welding quality is higher than the conventional welding method. However, such as ensuring the quality of laser welding, that is, laser welding process monitoring and quality control is an important part of the field of laser utilization, including the use of various sensors such as inductors, capacitors, sound waves, photoelectrics, etc., through electronic computer processing, for different welding Objects and requirements, such as weld seam tracking, defect detection, weld quality monitoring and other projects, through the feedback control to adjust the welding process parameters, thus achieving automated laser welding. In laser welding, the beam focus position is one of the most critical control process parameters. At a certain laser power and welding speed, only the focus is in the optimal position range to obtain the maximum penetration depth and good weld shape. In actual laser welding, in order to avoid and reduce the factors affecting the stability of the focus position, special clamping and equipment technology is required. The accuracy of this equipment is complementary to the quality of laser welding.
The main characteristics of laser welding. Compared with other traditional welding techniques, the main advantages of laser welding are: 1. Fast speed, large depth and small deformation. 2. It can be welded at room temperature or under special conditions, and the welding equipment is simple. For example, the laser passes through an electromagnetic field, and the beam does not shift; the laser can be soldered in vacuum, air, and a certain gas environment, and can be welded through glass or a material that is transparent to the beam. 3, can weld refractory materials such as titanium, quartz, etc., and can weld the opposite material, the effect is good. 4. After laser focusing, the power density is high. When welding high-power devices, the aspect ratio can reach 5:1, and the maximum can reach 10:1. 5. Micro-welding can be performed. The laser beam is focused to obtain a small spot, and can be accurately positioned, and can be applied to the mass welding of small and small workpieces that are automatically produced in large quantities. 6. It can weld non-accessible parts and perform non-contact long-distance welding, which has great flexibility. Especially in recent years, the optical fiber transmission technology has been adopted in the YAG laser processing technology, which has made the laser welding technology more widely popularized and applied. 7. The laser beam can easily realize beam splitting according to time and space, and can perform multi-beam simultaneous processing and multi-station processing, which provides conditions for more precise welding.
However, laser welding also has certain limitations: 1. It requires high precision assembly of the weldment, and requires that the position of the beam on the workpiece cannot be significantly offset. This is because the spot size of the spot is small after the laser is focused, and the weld is narrow, which is filled with a metal material. If the workpiece assembly accuracy or beam positioning accuracy does not meet the requirements, it is easy to cause soldering defects. 2. The cost of the laser and its related systems is relatively high, and the one-time investment is large.
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