After more than a century of development, hollow glass has gained a lot of applications, especially in the 50's of this century. Especially after the oil crisis of the 1970s, Western developed countries realized that energy is in short supply, and energy conservation has become a long-term goal. The application of building energy-saving products has become the mainstream of the international construction industry. Many developed countries have guided, encouraged and regulated the construction and building materials market from the aspects of product technology development, technical guidance, application and promotion to legislation, etc. The application of energy-saving building material products has a broad space. The speed of energy development in our country lags far behind the pace of economic development. The energy consumption of external walls enhances the construction of doors and windows, and the heat insulation and airtightness of external walls are the pressing problems facing us. This is the development of insulating glass products. Promotion and application provide the basis for policy.
1. Performance of Insulating Glass 1. Structure of Insulating Glass Insulating glass, also known as heat insulating, is composed of two or more glass plates. The gap between glass plates is separated by a septum, so it is usually called an insulating glass. Depending on the location of the insulating glass and the purpose of use, the materials and structure used for the hollow glass are also different. For example, in the southern region, where the temperature is high throughout the year and the illumination time is long, when considering the use of insulating glass, more consideration is given to controlling the external heat to enter the room. When selecting the insulating glass original film, more Consider using coated glass. In northern regions, the main purpose of the use of insulating glass is heating and heat preservation, so more transparent glass will be considered as the original hollow glass. Where it is necessary to control noise, it is necessary to use 3-layer or inflated hollow glass in order to achieve the purpose of use.
With the development of economy, the product varieties of insulating glass have also been developed, and the types of raw materials used have also increased. For example, insulating glass for curtain walls, insulating glass for doors and windows, insulating glass for automobiles, insulating glass for electric appliances, and decoration The use of insulating glass, all of these products, although the use of different, use the same raw materials, but the basic composition is the same, namely: glass, sealant, desiccant, spacer. Among all the raw materials constituting insulating glass, the performance of the sealant and the desiccant has a great influence on the service life of the insulating glass product. When considering the energy saving problem, the heat conduction performance of the spacer and the sealant will directly affect the hollowness. The thermal insulation of the edges of the glass affects the overall thermal insulation of the doors and windows. After several decades of development, hollow glass production technology is constantly improving the thermal and acoustic properties of the product. From the earliest welding method, welding method to cemented aluminum bar method, the heat insulation and sound insulation performance of the product has been greatly improved. After the oil crisis of the 1970s, people found that the aluminum strip products and the edge insulation must be poor and must be improved to improve the insulation performance of the hollow glass as a whole.
By the early 1980s, the world's first warm-edged hollow glass was introduced. This is the high-strength hollow glass SWIGGLE. This type of insulating glass has improved edge thermal insulation properties and a better overall thermal insulation effect, which has broad prospects for the application of insulating glass products.
2. Performance of Insulating Glass (1) Insulation and Sound Insulation of Insulating Glass The most excellent performance of insulating glass is its thermal insulation and heat insulation properties. When a single-story window is used in a building, the sunlight that is emitted during summer brings about a greenhouse effect. That is, except for a part of the sunlight that shines on the glass, part of the sunlight that enters the room rises. In winter, due to the large thermal conductivity of glass, single-layer windows act as heat sinks. Hollow glass can reduce conduction heat transfer and reduce convective heat transfer and radiative heat transfer.
(1) Reducing Conduction Heat Transfer: There is a layer of gas with a thermal conductivity much smaller than that of glass between the two pieces of insulating glass. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficient of hollow glass is much smaller than that of single glass.
2 Reduce convective heat transfer: The temperature difference between the two sides of the cold glass on the outside of the hollow glass is small, so it reduces the amount of heat that the cold side conducts through air convection.
3 Reduce radiation heat transfer: The heat radiated from a high temperature object to a low temperature glass is related to the radiation emission rate of the object. The radiation emission rate of the glass is 0.82. If a layer of low radiation film is coated on the glass, it can make it radiant. Reduced heat, play a role in insulation. If the two inner surfaces of the insulating glass are plated with a sunshade film and a low-radiation film, the hot sunlight is blocked in the summer, and the heat is prevented from being dissipated in the winter, the purpose of warm winter and cool summer can be achieved.
(2) Anti-condensation of hollow glass, reduction of cold radiation and safety performance Since there is a desiccant inside the hollow glass that can adsorb water molecules, the gas is dry, and when the temperature is lowered, the inside of the hollow glass will not be condensed. The phenomenon. At the same time, condensation on the outer surface of hollow glass will also increase. For example, when the outdoor wind speed is 5m/s and the room temperature is 20°C, relative humidity is 60%, 5mm starts condensation when the outdoor temperature is 8°C. . The 16mm hollow glass was dew condensation when the outdoor temperature was -2°C under the same conditions, and the 27mm3 hollow glass began to dew when the outdoor temperature was -11°C. Due to the better insulating properties of the insulating glass, the temperature difference between the two sides of the glass is greater. It can also reduce the effect of cold radiation. When the outdoor temperature is -10 degrees, the temperature in front of the single-layered glass window is -2 degrees, and the temperature in front of the insulating glass window is 13 degrees. In the same house structure, when the outdoor temperature is -8 degrees and the indoor temperature is 20 degrees, the 3 mm ordinary single-glazed cold radiation area accounts for 67.4% of the indoor space. The use of double-glazed glass 9mm is 13. . 4%. The use of hollow glass can improve the safety performance of the glass. In the case of using the original glass of the same thickness, the wind-resistant compressive strength of the hollow glass is 1.5 times that of the ordinary single glass.
3. Ways to improve the technical performance of insulating glass (1) Thickness of gas interval layer: mainly through the control of the thickness, the heat transfer of the turbulent airflow inside the hollow glass is formed, and the hot and cold gases of the gas are controlled to interfere with each other or The rising and falling air flows interfere with each other to control the convective heat transfer.
(2) Gas type and humidity between air layers: Inert gas filled inside the hollow glass can reduce the heat insulation and sound insulation performance of the hollow glass. If filled with argon and fluorinated*, the insulating and insulating properties of the insulating glass can be improved.
(3) Sealing of the edge of the insulating glass: On the one hand, if the sealing of the edge of the insulating glass is not good, the proportion of moisture entering the inside of the insulating glass through the sealant layer should be increased, and the life of the insulating glass will be reduced; On the one hand, if the thermal conductivity of the edge material of the insulating glass is good, the thermal insulation coefficient of the hollow glass will increase, and the heat insulation performance will decrease.
(4) Thermal transmissivity of glass: The heat transfer of hollow glass is mainly conducted by means of radiative heat transfer. If transparent glass with high transmissivity and low reflectance is used, the heat insulation performance of the insulating glass is higher than that using high reflectance. The coated or LOW-E glass is much lower.
(5) Glass plane size: Increasing the plane size of the insulating glass can reduce the heat loss per unit area of ​​the hollow glass and improve the overall heat insulation effect of the hollow glass. At the same time, in the assembly process of hollow glass doors and windows, if the glass buckle is not installed properly or the seal is not tight, the entire window or inside and outside of the glass is formed to be air-permeable, resulting in convection, resulting in loss of energy and affecting its performance.
1. Performance of Insulating Glass 1. Structure of Insulating Glass Insulating glass, also known as heat insulating, is composed of two or more glass plates. The gap between glass plates is separated by a septum, so it is usually called an insulating glass. Depending on the location of the insulating glass and the purpose of use, the materials and structure used for the hollow glass are also different. For example, in the southern region, where the temperature is high throughout the year and the illumination time is long, when considering the use of insulating glass, more consideration is given to controlling the external heat to enter the room. When selecting the insulating glass original film, more Consider using coated glass. In northern regions, the main purpose of the use of insulating glass is heating and heat preservation, so more transparent glass will be considered as the original hollow glass. Where it is necessary to control noise, it is necessary to use 3-layer or inflated hollow glass in order to achieve the purpose of use.
With the development of economy, the product varieties of insulating glass have also been developed, and the types of raw materials used have also increased. For example, insulating glass for curtain walls, insulating glass for doors and windows, insulating glass for automobiles, insulating glass for electric appliances, and decoration The use of insulating glass, all of these products, although the use of different, use the same raw materials, but the basic composition is the same, namely: glass, sealant, desiccant, spacer. Among all the raw materials constituting insulating glass, the performance of the sealant and the desiccant has a great influence on the service life of the insulating glass product. When considering the energy saving problem, the heat conduction performance of the spacer and the sealant will directly affect the hollowness. The thermal insulation of the edges of the glass affects the overall thermal insulation of the doors and windows. After several decades of development, hollow glass production technology is constantly improving the thermal and acoustic properties of the product. From the earliest welding method, welding method to cemented aluminum bar method, the heat insulation and sound insulation performance of the product has been greatly improved. After the oil crisis of the 1970s, people found that the aluminum strip products and the edge insulation must be poor and must be improved to improve the insulation performance of the hollow glass as a whole.
By the early 1980s, the world's first warm-edged hollow glass was introduced. This is the high-strength hollow glass SWIGGLE. This type of insulating glass has improved edge thermal insulation properties and a better overall thermal insulation effect, which has broad prospects for the application of insulating glass products.
2. Performance of Insulating Glass (1) Insulation and Sound Insulation of Insulating Glass The most excellent performance of insulating glass is its thermal insulation and heat insulation properties. When a single-story window is used in a building, the sunlight that is emitted during summer brings about a greenhouse effect. That is, except for a part of the sunlight that shines on the glass, part of the sunlight that enters the room rises. In winter, due to the large thermal conductivity of glass, single-layer windows act as heat sinks. Hollow glass can reduce conduction heat transfer and reduce convective heat transfer and radiative heat transfer.
(1) Reducing Conduction Heat Transfer: There is a layer of gas with a thermal conductivity much smaller than that of glass between the two pieces of insulating glass. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficient of hollow glass is much smaller than that of single glass.
2 Reduce convective heat transfer: The temperature difference between the two sides of the cold glass on the outside of the hollow glass is small, so it reduces the amount of heat that the cold side conducts through air convection.
3 Reduce radiation heat transfer: The heat radiated from a high temperature object to a low temperature glass is related to the radiation emission rate of the object. The radiation emission rate of the glass is 0.82. If a layer of low radiation film is coated on the glass, it can make it radiant. Reduced heat, play a role in insulation. If the two inner surfaces of the insulating glass are plated with a sunshade film and a low-radiation film, the hot sunlight is blocked in the summer, and the heat is prevented from being dissipated in the winter, the purpose of warm winter and cool summer can be achieved.
(2) Anti-condensation of hollow glass, reduction of cold radiation and safety performance Since there is a desiccant inside the hollow glass that can adsorb water molecules, the gas is dry, and when the temperature is lowered, the inside of the hollow glass will not be condensed. The phenomenon. At the same time, condensation on the outer surface of hollow glass will also increase. For example, when the outdoor wind speed is 5m/s and the room temperature is 20°C, relative humidity is 60%, 5mm starts condensation when the outdoor temperature is 8°C. . The 16mm hollow glass was dew condensation when the outdoor temperature was -2°C under the same conditions, and the 27mm3 hollow glass began to dew when the outdoor temperature was -11°C. Due to the better insulating properties of the insulating glass, the temperature difference between the two sides of the glass is greater. It can also reduce the effect of cold radiation. When the outdoor temperature is -10 degrees, the temperature in front of the single-layered glass window is -2 degrees, and the temperature in front of the insulating glass window is 13 degrees. In the same house structure, when the outdoor temperature is -8 degrees and the indoor temperature is 20 degrees, the 3 mm ordinary single-glazed cold radiation area accounts for 67.4% of the indoor space. The use of double-glazed glass 9mm is 13. . 4%. The use of hollow glass can improve the safety performance of the glass. In the case of using the original glass of the same thickness, the wind-resistant compressive strength of the hollow glass is 1.5 times that of the ordinary single glass.
3. Ways to improve the technical performance of insulating glass (1) Thickness of gas interval layer: mainly through the control of the thickness, the heat transfer of the turbulent airflow inside the hollow glass is formed, and the hot and cold gases of the gas are controlled to interfere with each other or The rising and falling air flows interfere with each other to control the convective heat transfer.
(2) Gas type and humidity between air layers: Inert gas filled inside the hollow glass can reduce the heat insulation and sound insulation performance of the hollow glass. If filled with argon and fluorinated*, the insulating and insulating properties of the insulating glass can be improved.
(3) Sealing of the edge of the insulating glass: On the one hand, if the sealing of the edge of the insulating glass is not good, the proportion of moisture entering the inside of the insulating glass through the sealant layer should be increased, and the life of the insulating glass will be reduced; On the one hand, if the thermal conductivity of the edge material of the insulating glass is good, the thermal insulation coefficient of the hollow glass will increase, and the heat insulation performance will decrease.
(4) Thermal transmissivity of glass: The heat transfer of hollow glass is mainly conducted by means of radiative heat transfer. If transparent glass with high transmissivity and low reflectance is used, the heat insulation performance of the insulating glass is higher than that using high reflectance. The coated or LOW-E glass is much lower.
(5) Glass plane size: Increasing the plane size of the insulating glass can reduce the heat loss per unit area of ​​the hollow glass and improve the overall heat insulation effect of the hollow glass. At the same time, in the assembly process of hollow glass doors and windows, if the glass buckle is not installed properly or the seal is not tight, the entire window or inside and outside of the glass is formed to be air-permeable, resulting in convection, resulting in loss of energy and affecting its performance.
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