The development of aircraft design goes hand in hand with the development of new materials. As a result, today's aircraft can fly farther, faster, and load more. At the same time, aircraft use less fuel, which means less pollutant emissions and lower costs.
There are three difficult-to-machine materials that can be used to make fuselage, wings, and hardware such as landing gear and aircraft engines. They are high temperature alloys, titanium alloys and composite materials. The latter includes new carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and newer glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP). In general, CFRP and GRP have been laminated or their surfaces have been metallized (such as aluminum alloys). All of these monolithic materials and laminates are difficult to process. As the engine temperature increases, the engine efficiency increases accordingly. The temperature of the heating zone of jet engines is higher than ever, and superalloys (mainly nickel-based and cobalt-based alloys) still retain excellent mechanical and chemical properties. Superalloy parts are smaller and lighter in weight than steel components. For every kilogram of engine weight lost, it means a $150,000 reduction in fuel costs during engine service. Superalloys account for about 50% of the total weight of new engines. Titanium alloys offer extremely high strength-to-weight ratios and excellent corrosion resistance. They are as strong as steel, but weigh only 40% of steel; they are twice as strong as aluminum, but weigh only 60% more than aluminum. Since the 1950s, light alloys are available on the market. The apparent difficulty of meeting the increasingly difficult requirements of the fuselage and engine parts makes the importance of titanium alloys increasingly significant.
Titanium alloys are increasingly being used more and more in structural parts, landing gear and other hardware equipment. The use of composite materials (mainly CFRP) in aircraft is also becoming more common. They have high strength to weight ratio, good corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion; their properties are tailored to suit specific applications. CFRP is widely used in wing main beams, wings and fuselage skins. The composite consists of fibers taken from a plastic matrix that can also be used for fabric styling without any matrix. The main structure of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner (including the fuselage and the wing) is made of composite material.
Why are these materials so difficult to process? The high temperature strength of superalloys and titanium alloys means high hardness and stiffness at the cutting temperature, which results in greater cutting forces on the cutting edge of the tool, resulting in micro-cracking and deformation of the cutting edge. These metals generate more heat during bending (during the formation of chips) and due to poor thermal conductivity, resulting in high cutting temperatures. As the high temperature strength, toughness and ductility of the material increase, the breaking of the chips becomes more difficult. The processing of heat-treated alloys often produces abrasive particles that wear the cutting edges, and can also cause the surface of the workpiece to be hardened, so that it is difficult to maintain tight tolerances. The metallurgical integrity of the surface of the part is damaged during processing and the fatigue strength is reduced. The carbon fibers in the composite have good toughness, resulting in a rapid blunt cutting edge. Improper use of cutting speed can cause the workpiece to peel off and micro-crack and form burrs. Hole processing can cause delamination of common composites with high resin content and cracking of composites with high fiber content. For laminated (laminated) composites, metal chips that are splashed out during the drilling process can damage the surface of such composites.
What will happen in the future? Intense market competition has forced designers to wait for materials that are lighter, stronger, and more resistant to heat and corrosion, so that aircraft can meet increasingly stringent requirements. Metallurgists, chemists and plastics engineers are working to develop materials that meet future needs. On the downside, it is almost certain that materials that have improved their physical and chemical properties are more difficult to process, but this is the challenge that Seco is trying to address.
Seco offers a range of advanced tooling solutions for efficient, high-precision milling, turning, cutting and drilling of aerospace materials.
JabroTM series cutters with CVD diamond coating reduce wear and are designed for multi-layer composites such as carbon and glass, as well as high-performance industrial plastics such as PEEK and burr-free (top and bottom) processing of honeycomb materials Side milling, 3D copy milling, milling contouring and milling operations.
For processing Inconel and other superalloys, SecomaxTM PCBN tools have the same life as tungsten carbide materials, but with a cutting speed 10 times faster, which increases the length of the cut. The Secomax CBN170 is a new grade of material with a whisker ceramic bond that offers unmatched cutting edge strength in this application. In order to expand the Seco FeedmaxTM range of drills for titanium and superalloys (T and M, respectively) for China Metalworking Online, Seco has introduced a new range of solid carbide drills with CVD diamond coating for CFRP material is processed for holes. Thanks to its specially developed drill tip geometry, high-quality, non-delaminating holes can be drilled while diamond coatings extend tool life and increase productivity. This range of drills includes conventional (single diameter) drill bits and chamfered drill bits (integrated drill bits).
There are three difficult-to-machine materials that can be used to make fuselage, wings, and hardware such as landing gear and aircraft engines. They are high temperature alloys, titanium alloys and composite materials. The latter includes new carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and newer glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP). In general, CFRP and GRP have been laminated or their surfaces have been metallized (such as aluminum alloys). All of these monolithic materials and laminates are difficult to process. As the engine temperature increases, the engine efficiency increases accordingly. The temperature of the heating zone of jet engines is higher than ever, and superalloys (mainly nickel-based and cobalt-based alloys) still retain excellent mechanical and chemical properties. Superalloy parts are smaller and lighter in weight than steel components. For every kilogram of engine weight lost, it means a $150,000 reduction in fuel costs during engine service. Superalloys account for about 50% of the total weight of new engines. Titanium alloys offer extremely high strength-to-weight ratios and excellent corrosion resistance. They are as strong as steel, but weigh only 40% of steel; they are twice as strong as aluminum, but weigh only 60% more than aluminum. Since the 1950s, light alloys are available on the market. The apparent difficulty of meeting the increasingly difficult requirements of the fuselage and engine parts makes the importance of titanium alloys increasingly significant.
Titanium alloys are increasingly being used more and more in structural parts, landing gear and other hardware equipment. The use of composite materials (mainly CFRP) in aircraft is also becoming more common. They have high strength to weight ratio, good corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion; their properties are tailored to suit specific applications. CFRP is widely used in wing main beams, wings and fuselage skins. The composite consists of fibers taken from a plastic matrix that can also be used for fabric styling without any matrix. The main structure of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner (including the fuselage and the wing) is made of composite material.
Why are these materials so difficult to process? The high temperature strength of superalloys and titanium alloys means high hardness and stiffness at the cutting temperature, which results in greater cutting forces on the cutting edge of the tool, resulting in micro-cracking and deformation of the cutting edge. These metals generate more heat during bending (during the formation of chips) and due to poor thermal conductivity, resulting in high cutting temperatures. As the high temperature strength, toughness and ductility of the material increase, the breaking of the chips becomes more difficult. The processing of heat-treated alloys often produces abrasive particles that wear the cutting edges, and can also cause the surface of the workpiece to be hardened, so that it is difficult to maintain tight tolerances. The metallurgical integrity of the surface of the part is damaged during processing and the fatigue strength is reduced. The carbon fibers in the composite have good toughness, resulting in a rapid blunt cutting edge. Improper use of cutting speed can cause the workpiece to peel off and micro-crack and form burrs. Hole processing can cause delamination of common composites with high resin content and cracking of composites with high fiber content. For laminated (laminated) composites, metal chips that are splashed out during the drilling process can damage the surface of such composites.
What will happen in the future? Intense market competition has forced designers to wait for materials that are lighter, stronger, and more resistant to heat and corrosion, so that aircraft can meet increasingly stringent requirements. Metallurgists, chemists and plastics engineers are working to develop materials that meet future needs. On the downside, it is almost certain that materials that have improved their physical and chemical properties are more difficult to process, but this is the challenge that Seco is trying to address.
Seco offers a range of advanced tooling solutions for efficient, high-precision milling, turning, cutting and drilling of aerospace materials.
JabroTM series cutters with CVD diamond coating reduce wear and are designed for multi-layer composites such as carbon and glass, as well as high-performance industrial plastics such as PEEK and burr-free (top and bottom) processing of honeycomb materials Side milling, 3D copy milling, milling contouring and milling operations.
For processing Inconel and other superalloys, SecomaxTM PCBN tools have the same life as tungsten carbide materials, but with a cutting speed 10 times faster, which increases the length of the cut. The Secomax CBN170 is a new grade of material with a whisker ceramic bond that offers unmatched cutting edge strength in this application. In order to expand the Seco FeedmaxTM range of drills for titanium and superalloys (T and M, respectively) for China Metalworking Online, Seco has introduced a new range of solid carbide drills with CVD diamond coating for CFRP material is processed for holes. Thanks to its specially developed drill tip geometry, high-quality, non-delaminating holes can be drilled while diamond coatings extend tool life and increase productivity. This range of drills includes conventional (single diameter) drill bits and chamfered drill bits (integrated drill bits).
Building glass is an important part of building materials. As is well known, environmental protection is an important topic faced by every country, and it is also an important guarantee for human health and sustainable development. All kinds of building materials not only improve people's living quality, but also increase environmental pollution. Therefore, as one of the important things that can be seen everywhere in daily life, building glass should have the feature of environmental protection. ICESUN Vacuum Glass LTD. has released a series of vacuum glass to protect the environment, including environmental vacuum glass, Energy Saving Vacuum Glass, Safety Vacuum Glass and so forth. Environmental vacuum glass is anti-noise, heat resistant, thermal insulation, anti-radiation and sun-proof, all of which make it popular for passive house buildings.The mission of our company is to cool off the earth by 1℃. Let's do it together through applying ICESUN Vacuum Glass For Buildings all over the world.
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ICESUN VACUUM GLASS LTD. , https://www.icesunvacuumglass.com