If you squeeze a normal object from all directions at the same time, it may shrink and become wrinkled, but some exotic materials will expand to a certain dimension when pressed. According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on July 18th, a chemical team at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom has discovered a new type of material that has exceeded this level of compression and expansion capabilities. The researchers pointed out that this achievement helps to develop new optical pressure sensors and artificial muscles.
Negative linear compression (NLC) has existed for millions of years. Biologists believe that octopuses and squid use this to shrink their muscles. However, scientists have only been learning to use this property to design materials in recent decades. However, there has been no artificial material that can be expanded under pressure by more than 1%. Therefore, its application in engineering is greatly limited. Recently, researchers have been exploring how to design materials with a special atomic arrangement that can rearrange their atoms in space under pressure without being crushed.
The new material discovered by the team was zinc cyanide. It has a unique structure in which a spring-like gold atom helical chain is attached to the atomic structure and embedded in a honeycomb structure consisting of gold, *** (carbon-nitrogen bonding) and zinc. When the spiral chain is compressed, the honeycomb expands outwardly by up to 10%. They refer to this large-scale response as "giant negative linear compressibility." The structure is similar to a folded wine rack, and it can be folded flatly by applying pressure from the vertical direction, so that the pressure expansion capability is unprecedented.
The researchers believe that the unique properties of zinc cyanide give it a bright future in its application. Because this material is transparent, it can be used as an optical pressure sensor. Pressure causes the crystal space to become narrower in one direction and wider in the other direction, whereby light passes through the material to change the path and is therefore also very sensitive to small pressures. In the long run, this material can also be used to design artificial muscles. People's muscles contract under the influence of an electric field, and new muscles can be designed to contract in response to stress, just like biologists think of octopus muscles.
One of the researchers, Oxford University graduate student Andrew Keynes, will discuss this new material and its applications in depth at the American Crystal Science Conference in Honolulu from July 20th to 24th. At present, the research team is further studying the mechanism behind negative linear compression. They believe that even if they have not fully grasped the principles of nature's design, zinc cyanide has greatly expanded the limits of compression and expansion capabilities. (Chang Lijun)
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