According to the statistics of the American Wind Energy Association, the total installed capacity of wind power in the United States during the first half of 2011 was 2,151 megawatts, an increase of 72% compared with 1,250 megawatts in the same period last year.
The American Wind Energy Association's 2011 Second Quarter Market Report for Wind Power Industry released by the American Wind Energy Association also revealed that there is currently a project with an installed capacity of 7,354 MW under construction. In the second quarter of 2011, the installed capacity of wind power in the United States was 1,033 megawatts, an increase of 46% over the same period of last year. The installed capacity in the United States totaled 4.2432 million megawatts, of which the largest installed capacity was in Texas.
The rapid development of wind power The United States started wind power trials as early as the early 1980s, but it was very limited until the year 2000. In recent years, with the development of global clean energy and renewable energy, the United States has also accelerated the development of wind power. By 2009, the total installed capacity of wind power in the United States reached 35.16 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world. Wind power generation accounted for 2.4% of the total electricity generated in the country.
According to data from the American Wind Energy Association, by the end of 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in the United States was 40.181 million kilowatts, which was a year-on-year increase of 15%. The installed capacity of wind power in the United States accounts for 21% of the installed capacity of wind power in the world. In 2010, the newly installed capacity of wind power in the United States was 5.116 million kilowatts, which accounted for 26% of all new installed capacity, second only to natural gas. In 2010, wind power generation in the United States was 94.6 billion kilowatt-hours, which accounted for 2.3% of the country's total electricity consumption. It could supply 10 million U.S. households with electricity. Today, 38 states have utility-scale wind power installations. If all U.S. wind turbines in 2010 are operating at full capacity, wind power generation will exceed 110 billion kilowatt-hours. The United States has become a veritable wind power.
Supported by policies The United States is the origin of modern connected-type wind power, and it is also one of the first countries to enact regulations to encourage the development of wind power.
In 1978, the United States passed the Public Power Control Policy Act and provided legal protection for the market demand for wind power. The Act encourages independent and small-scale power generation companies to build and operate thermal power plants and renewable energy power plants. These power generation facilities are called qualified power generation facilities. Wind power is one of them. The bill requires utilities to purchase electricity generated by qualified power generation facilities at “avoidable costâ€. The U.S. federal government entrusted the state governments with the power to determine “cost avoidableâ€. Several states, including California, have established "avoidable costs" based electricity purchase contracts. The term of the contract is at least 20 years, and it is purchased at a fixed price in the first 10 years. After 10 years, the purchase price of electricity is converted into the short-term "avoidable cost" of the power company. In California, for example, wind power generation developed rapidly during the period after the implementation of the bill, and wind power in the state quickly accounted for 80% of the nation’s total wind power generation.
In addition, the U.S. government also provided substantial subsidies for the wind power industry. In the early 1980s, investment subsidies were implemented for wind power projects. At that time, the combined investment subsidies of the U.S. federal and state governments could amount to approximately 50% to 55% of the total investment. However, due to the investment subsidy policy that prompted investors to focus on obtaining subsidies and installing equipment, it caused some projects to perform poorly. Currently, only a few states in the United States are still adopting direct investment subsidies.
In 1992, the United States passed the Energy Policy Act to abolish the federal government’s investment subsidies for wind power and instead subsidized wind power production. The bill provides 1.5 cents/kWh price subsidies for renewable energy such as wind power. Subsidy for 10 years from the start of production of the project, and adjust the subsidy price with the inflation rate. Calculating the entire operating period of a wind power project is equivalent to a 25% reduction in wind power costs. The effect of this policy was significant. The two peak years of installation of U.S. wind turbines all appeared in this policy period.
In recent years, some states in the United States have also implemented a new mandatory market policy for renewable energy power generation to renewable energy quotas. This system requires that there must be a specified proportion of renewable energy power in the electricity consumption in the implementation area, and the power supply company should bear this obligation. Companies that have not completed their obligations can purchase from companies that have exceeded their obligations, and they can complete their obligations through transfer. The U.S. federal level also made it clear that each degree of renewable energy production can have certain tax deductions. In addition, the United States has also implemented certain tax deductions for investment in the development of renewable energy, including wind power, including granting some funds in the early stages of construction.
Improving grid-connected conditions For the United States, wind power integration is also a great challenge. On the one hand, wind resources are mostly concentrated in the west, while electricity demand is concentrated in the densely populated eastern regions. In addition, more than 10 million kilowatts of new wind power installations are installed each year. Therefore, large-scale transmission line planning is needed. On the other hand, the issue of forecasting wind power has drawn increasing attention.
It is understood that at present, U.S. wind power is moving from distributed development to centralized development and long distance transportation. More than 120 power companies are responsible for the balance of power within their respective jurisdictions. Different wind power management organizations can balance the development, transportation, and operation of wind power in different regions through cooperation. In June last year, the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission also accepted and issued a proposal for the reform of transmission planning and cost allocation in the Southwest Electric Power Market, aiming to allocate the cost of electricity to a wider range (especially for higher voltage grade lines). To achieve the goal of public policy (such as renewable energy quotas for each state). It is expected that the proposal will be finalized in the near future. The proposal will speed up the process for power companies to build transmission lines. The American Wind Energy Association expressed its support for the proposal.
For wind forecasting, the United States is considering the construction of a central wind forecasting system covering the whole country, or at least multiple states, so that it can provide wind power forecasts at different time levels in the future, such as hourly forecasts, or one day in advance, or even in advance. One week, one month. It seeks to make the wind power system more stable by adopting a combination of multiple wind power forecasting methods.
Challenges Forecast data on offshore wind power shows that the potential of offshore wind power in the United States is as high as 4 million megawatts. If all the constraints are taken into account, large-scale commercial offshore wind power generation capacity is also 127 million kilowatts. However, although globally, offshore wind power is not a new industry, it is a new face in the US renewable energy field. So far, the United States does not have a truly offshore wind farm.
In March of this year, the U.S. Department of Energy and the Ministry of the Interior jointly issued the first inter-agency cooperation plan for offshore wind power in the United States, and the “National Offshore Wind Power Strategy: Creating a US Offshore Wind Power Industryâ€. The plan confirms the feasibility and market potential of the development of offshore wind power in the United States, and initially listed the four states of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia as the ideal development site for offshore wind power. US Interior Minister Ken Salazar and Minister of Energy Zhu Yuwen also announced that the government will invest 50.5 million US dollars to support research and development of offshore wind power technology and reduce the cost of offshore wind power.
It is reported that the development objective of offshore wind power in the United States is to first lock the shallows and then develop deep water, mainly using wind turbines with a single capacity of 5 MW or more. It is understood that the goal established by the United States is that by 2012, the electricity price for Class 4 shoals will be 5 cents/kWh. At present, the United States is still studying deep-water technology. As technology advances, the cost will also be well controlled to ensure the healthy development of offshore wind power.
In the long run, the development of offshore wind power is of great significance to U.S. wind power as a whole. Taking only the Atlantic coast, which has the greatest potential, as an example, it is estimated that the region can generate 1 billion kilowatts of electricity, enough to meet one-fourth of the U.S. electricity demand. At the same time, the effective use of offshore wind energy will help realize the goal of 80% of the nation’s electricity from renewable energy proposed by President Barack Obama by 2035.
The American Wind Energy Association's 2011 Second Quarter Market Report for Wind Power Industry released by the American Wind Energy Association also revealed that there is currently a project with an installed capacity of 7,354 MW under construction. In the second quarter of 2011, the installed capacity of wind power in the United States was 1,033 megawatts, an increase of 46% over the same period of last year. The installed capacity in the United States totaled 4.2432 million megawatts, of which the largest installed capacity was in Texas.
The rapid development of wind power The United States started wind power trials as early as the early 1980s, but it was very limited until the year 2000. In recent years, with the development of global clean energy and renewable energy, the United States has also accelerated the development of wind power. By 2009, the total installed capacity of wind power in the United States reached 35.16 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world. Wind power generation accounted for 2.4% of the total electricity generated in the country.
According to data from the American Wind Energy Association, by the end of 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in the United States was 40.181 million kilowatts, which was a year-on-year increase of 15%. The installed capacity of wind power in the United States accounts for 21% of the installed capacity of wind power in the world. In 2010, the newly installed capacity of wind power in the United States was 5.116 million kilowatts, which accounted for 26% of all new installed capacity, second only to natural gas. In 2010, wind power generation in the United States was 94.6 billion kilowatt-hours, which accounted for 2.3% of the country's total electricity consumption. It could supply 10 million U.S. households with electricity. Today, 38 states have utility-scale wind power installations. If all U.S. wind turbines in 2010 are operating at full capacity, wind power generation will exceed 110 billion kilowatt-hours. The United States has become a veritable wind power.
Supported by policies The United States is the origin of modern connected-type wind power, and it is also one of the first countries to enact regulations to encourage the development of wind power.
In 1978, the United States passed the Public Power Control Policy Act and provided legal protection for the market demand for wind power. The Act encourages independent and small-scale power generation companies to build and operate thermal power plants and renewable energy power plants. These power generation facilities are called qualified power generation facilities. Wind power is one of them. The bill requires utilities to purchase electricity generated by qualified power generation facilities at “avoidable costâ€. The U.S. federal government entrusted the state governments with the power to determine “cost avoidableâ€. Several states, including California, have established "avoidable costs" based electricity purchase contracts. The term of the contract is at least 20 years, and it is purchased at a fixed price in the first 10 years. After 10 years, the purchase price of electricity is converted into the short-term "avoidable cost" of the power company. In California, for example, wind power generation developed rapidly during the period after the implementation of the bill, and wind power in the state quickly accounted for 80% of the nation’s total wind power generation.
In addition, the U.S. government also provided substantial subsidies for the wind power industry. In the early 1980s, investment subsidies were implemented for wind power projects. At that time, the combined investment subsidies of the U.S. federal and state governments could amount to approximately 50% to 55% of the total investment. However, due to the investment subsidy policy that prompted investors to focus on obtaining subsidies and installing equipment, it caused some projects to perform poorly. Currently, only a few states in the United States are still adopting direct investment subsidies.
In 1992, the United States passed the Energy Policy Act to abolish the federal government’s investment subsidies for wind power and instead subsidized wind power production. The bill provides 1.5 cents/kWh price subsidies for renewable energy such as wind power. Subsidy for 10 years from the start of production of the project, and adjust the subsidy price with the inflation rate. Calculating the entire operating period of a wind power project is equivalent to a 25% reduction in wind power costs. The effect of this policy was significant. The two peak years of installation of U.S. wind turbines all appeared in this policy period.
In recent years, some states in the United States have also implemented a new mandatory market policy for renewable energy power generation to renewable energy quotas. This system requires that there must be a specified proportion of renewable energy power in the electricity consumption in the implementation area, and the power supply company should bear this obligation. Companies that have not completed their obligations can purchase from companies that have exceeded their obligations, and they can complete their obligations through transfer. The U.S. federal level also made it clear that each degree of renewable energy production can have certain tax deductions. In addition, the United States has also implemented certain tax deductions for investment in the development of renewable energy, including wind power, including granting some funds in the early stages of construction.
Improving grid-connected conditions For the United States, wind power integration is also a great challenge. On the one hand, wind resources are mostly concentrated in the west, while electricity demand is concentrated in the densely populated eastern regions. In addition, more than 10 million kilowatts of new wind power installations are installed each year. Therefore, large-scale transmission line planning is needed. On the other hand, the issue of forecasting wind power has drawn increasing attention.
It is understood that at present, U.S. wind power is moving from distributed development to centralized development and long distance transportation. More than 120 power companies are responsible for the balance of power within their respective jurisdictions. Different wind power management organizations can balance the development, transportation, and operation of wind power in different regions through cooperation. In June last year, the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission also accepted and issued a proposal for the reform of transmission planning and cost allocation in the Southwest Electric Power Market, aiming to allocate the cost of electricity to a wider range (especially for higher voltage grade lines). To achieve the goal of public policy (such as renewable energy quotas for each state). It is expected that the proposal will be finalized in the near future. The proposal will speed up the process for power companies to build transmission lines. The American Wind Energy Association expressed its support for the proposal.
For wind forecasting, the United States is considering the construction of a central wind forecasting system covering the whole country, or at least multiple states, so that it can provide wind power forecasts at different time levels in the future, such as hourly forecasts, or one day in advance, or even in advance. One week, one month. It seeks to make the wind power system more stable by adopting a combination of multiple wind power forecasting methods.
Challenges Forecast data on offshore wind power shows that the potential of offshore wind power in the United States is as high as 4 million megawatts. If all the constraints are taken into account, large-scale commercial offshore wind power generation capacity is also 127 million kilowatts. However, although globally, offshore wind power is not a new industry, it is a new face in the US renewable energy field. So far, the United States does not have a truly offshore wind farm.
In March of this year, the U.S. Department of Energy and the Ministry of the Interior jointly issued the first inter-agency cooperation plan for offshore wind power in the United States, and the “National Offshore Wind Power Strategy: Creating a US Offshore Wind Power Industryâ€. The plan confirms the feasibility and market potential of the development of offshore wind power in the United States, and initially listed the four states of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia as the ideal development site for offshore wind power. US Interior Minister Ken Salazar and Minister of Energy Zhu Yuwen also announced that the government will invest 50.5 million US dollars to support research and development of offshore wind power technology and reduce the cost of offshore wind power.
It is reported that the development objective of offshore wind power in the United States is to first lock the shallows and then develop deep water, mainly using wind turbines with a single capacity of 5 MW or more. It is understood that the goal established by the United States is that by 2012, the electricity price for Class 4 shoals will be 5 cents/kWh. At present, the United States is still studying deep-water technology. As technology advances, the cost will also be well controlled to ensure the healthy development of offshore wind power.
In the long run, the development of offshore wind power is of great significance to U.S. wind power as a whole. Taking only the Atlantic coast, which has the greatest potential, as an example, it is estimated that the region can generate 1 billion kilowatts of electricity, enough to meet one-fourth of the U.S. electricity demand. At the same time, the effective use of offshore wind energy will help realize the goal of 80% of the nation’s electricity from renewable energy proposed by President Barack Obama by 2035.
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