Tin is a silver-white metal with a strong gloss, a relative density of 7.0, a low melting point (230°C), a hardness of 3.75, and good soft ductility. The content of tin in the earth's crust is only 2×10-6 to 3×10-6. Tin belongs to the group of pro-copper elements, but in the upper part of the lithosphere, it also has the characteristics of both oxygenophilic and pro-sulphur. When tin and sulfur act, they form two compounds: tin sulphide and tin disulphide, which have high volatility at high temperatures. Tin and oxygen can also be combined to produce tin oxide and tin dioxide. Although tin has two valent and tetravalent valence states, tetravalent compounds are relatively stable under natural conditions, especially tin oxide (SnO2), which is one of the most stable compounds on the earth's crust.
There are more than 50 kinds of tin-containing minerals known in nature, and there are about 20 kinds of main tin minerals. The current economic significance is mainly cassiterite, followed by yellow tin. In some ore deposits, sulfur-tin-lead ore, pyroxenite tin ore, columnar tin ore, sometimes black sulfur silver tin, black boron tin, malaya, hydrous tinite, hydromagnesium tin, etc. can also be relatively rich. Set to form industrial value.
(1) The chemical composition of cassiterite is SnO2, Sn 78.8, O 21.2. The tetragonal crystal system has a double-cone shape, a conical columnar shape, and sometimes a needle-like shape. Often mixed with iron, barium, strontium, in addition can still contain manganese, niobium, titanium, zirconium, tungsten and disperse elements such as niobium and tantalum. The presence of Fe3+ often affects the magnetic properties, color, and specific gravity of cassiterite. Tin stone is the main source of tin.
(2) Huang tin mine, also known as lanthanum tin mine, chemical composition is Cu2FeSnS4, Cu 29.58, Fe 12.99, Sn 21.61, S 29.82. Quartet system. Crystals are rare and appear as pseudo tetrahedrons, false octahedrons, and platelets. The Huang tin mine is more common in the tin-bearing sulphide deposits and filling tungsten-tin deposits in Guangxi, and the Hunan high school thermo-hydraulic lead-zinc deposit in Hunan.
(3) The chemical composition of Huixi tin lead minerals is Pb5Sb2Sn3S14, Pb49.71, Sb11.64, Sn17.04, S21.51, and the composition contains iron, zinc, and other impurities. Crystalline thin plate, often curved, double crystal complex. The aggregates are massive, radial, or spherical. It is produced together with Huite lead and yellow tin, and is also produced in tin mine veins.
(4) The chemical composition of sulfur tin lead is PbSnS2, Pb 53.05, Sn 30.51, S 16.44. Orthorhombic system. The crystals are plate-like and nearly square in shape. It is usually a massive aggregate. It is often produced in tin mines with cassiterite, galena, sphalerite, and pyrite.
(5) The chemical composition of the cylindrical tin ore is Pb3Sb2Sn4S14. Orthorhombic system. Cylindrical or block and spherical aggregates. It is produced in the tin veins along with Huixian tin lead, sphalerite and pyrite.
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