According to foreign media reports, the Tesla Canadian Battery Research Group has applied for a new patent that provides a method for analyzing lithium battery electrolytes, which can help prevent battery failure.
In addition, the patent application was filed by the Tesla battery team led by Jeff Dahn. At present, Jeff Dahn's main work is focused on improving the energy density and durability of lithium batteries.
Earlier this year, the research team also applied for a battery technology patent. The patent applied for this time is called "Lithium-ion battery electrolyte concentration component measurement method and system".
The patent application states: The present invention provides a computer-implemented method for determining the concentration of electrolyte components in a lithium-ion battery. The method includes sending instructions to a spectrometer to capture the spectrum of the electrolyte solution and generate a signal. The signal is analyzed to determine one or more spectral features in the spectrum.
The method also includes preparing a spectral database corresponding to a solution of a predetermined electrolyte component concentration, wherein the database further includes multiple spectral characteristics of each solution. Moreover, the method will also use a spectral database to further determine the machine learning (ML) model, which will be used to determine the concentration of electrolyte components in the sample solution.
In addition, the patent also pointed out the problems of the current electrolyte and the method of analyzing the state of the electrolyte: one of the main reasons for the failure of lithium ion batteries, especially high-voltage batteries, is the degradation of the electrolyte, especially the degradation of the electrolyte on the charged electrode.
At present, the main methods for solving battery failure and electrolyte degradation are concentrated on the film formed on the surface of the electrode and caused by electrolyte degradation. Such films contain chemicals in electrolyte solutions and electrolyte salts, such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6).
LiPF6 can be decomposed into lithium fluoride (LiF) and phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5), and phosphorus pentafluoride is easily hydrolyzed into hydrofluoric acid (HF) and phosphorus trifluoride oxide (PF3O). Each electrode has a high reactivity, and because they will inevitably exist in the lithium hexafluorophosphate solution, it may adversely affect the performance of the electrode.
Although there are methods to determine the mechanism of the electrolyte solution and electrolyte salt lithium hexafluorophosphate in lithium ion batteries, there is no cheap and accurate method to characterize the electrolyte and thus determine the degree of degradation of the electrolyte. "
In general, the quantitative analysis of electrolyte solutions requires the use of expensive analytical tools, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), but also requires a lot of time to analyze.
In addition, some analysis functions cannot even directly measure the concentration of electrolyte components. For example, the detector used in chromatography cannot be exposed to the high-temperature degradation products of lithium hexafluorophosphate. Therefore, such methods can only focus on the organic components of the electrolyte after the water-soluble portion of the electrolyte is removed.
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