(Source: Carnegie Mellon University's official website)
According to foreign media reports, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University) Mellon Institute of Technology have developed a semi-liquid lithium metal anode that can provide a new paradigm for battery design. Lithium batteries made with this new electrode will have a higher capacity, and are safer than traditional lithium metal batteries that use aluminum foil as the anode.
Lithium batteries have the ability to store large amounts of energy and are therefore one of the most common types of rechargeable batteries in modern electronic products. In general, this type of battery consists of a combustible liquid electrolyte and two electrodes (anode and cathode), where the anode and cathode are separated by a thin film. After the battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, lithium dendrites will grow on the surface of the electrode. Such dendrites will pierce the thin film separating the two electrodes, allowing the cathode to contact the anode. As a result, the battery may be short-circuited. At worst, it may Fire.
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, a professor of natural sciences at Carnegie Mellon University ’s Department of Chemistry, said: "In theory, the use of lithium metal anodes in lithium batteries is much larger than the capacity of graphite anodes, but the most important thing is to ensure that the battery It ’s safe. "
At present, volatile liquid electrolytes are used in batteries. One of the solutions is to use solid ceramic electrolytes. Such electrolytes are highly conductive, non-flammable, and have strong enough dendrite resistance. However, the researchers found that the contact between the ceramic electrolyte and the solid lithium anode was insufficient to store and supply the electricity required by most electronic products. Carnegie Mellon University PhD student Sipei Li and Carnegie Mellon University PhD student Han Wang made a new material, a semi-fluid metal anode, that overcomes this shortcoming.
Li and Wang collaborated with Matyjaszewski and Jay Whitacre to create a dual conductive polymer / carbon-based composite material with lithium particles evenly distributed on it. The carbon-based composite material can keep flowing at room temperature, so that it can make sufficient contact with the solid electrolyte. Compared with batteries made with solid electrolytes and traditional lithium foil anodes, by combining semi-liquid metal anodes with garnet solid ceramic electrolytes, the energy density of such batteries can be increased by a factor of 10, making these batteries more conventional than conventional ones. The life cycle of the battery is also longer.
The researchers believe that their method can have far-reaching effects, for example, it can be used to produce high-capacity batteries for electric vehicles, as well as special batteries for wearable devices that require flexible batteries. Moreover, the researchers also believe that their method can be used in other rechargeable battery systems, such as sodium metal batteries and potassium metal batteries, as well as in grid energy storage systems. (Author: Yuqiu Yun)
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