With the increasingly luxurious and unique decoration of architectural projects, the use of granite and marble finishes indoors and outdoors has become one of the mainstream and fashion of architectural decoration. Granite and marble belong to natural stone. They are affected by the place of origin and minerals. Their stone quality and color are different. If there is no good technical measures in the construction, it will be difficult to avoid in the stone decoration project. Some defects, such as large-area laying, the color difference of the board is obvious, affecting the overall appearance; the outer wall is easy to seep; easy to appear "pan-alkali"; "liquid seepage" phenomenon; detailed processing of shaped processing materials, these problems seriously affect the construction The use and beauty of the object.
1. Take effective measures to strengthen monitoring in the early stage and construction process
1, color difference prevention
In order to avoid the chromatic aberration of the stone and affect the aesthetic appearance of the building, we have taken the following measures:
1 Before feeding, the special person went to the factory to examine the situation of the large material waste board, and asked the factory to prepare the quantity of the large material waste board required for the building as soon as possible. After the material entered the site, it was strictly checked and accepted.
2 Select a sunny place at the project site, and vacate a few tens of square meters of open space. The construction workers are required to vacate a considerable area of ​​the plate on the open space, and select and adjust the color. Each time the virtual pendulum is completed, most of them are used, leaving a small amount of square meters. The plate is used for the next dummy swing, and the plate with the closest color is selected on the same surface to avoid blooming on a large surface.
3 Before the official paving, the white back grout (white cement + glue) is scraped twice on the back of the board. After drying, it is laid to prevent the chromatic aberration caused by the different water seepage conditions of the stone layer and the grouting humidity.
2, external wall leakage prevention
Wet work method is adopted for the paving of the board (that is, the steel frame is first tied and the structure is welded firmly, and the copper wire is punched in the board. When installing, the copper wire and the steel frame are firmly tied, and the gap between each board is pressed. It is stipulated to keep, one side and the bottom are aligned with the good stone, and after temporary fixing and sealing, the cement mortar is poured into the cement mortar.)
The corresponding measures taken to prevent water seepage from the outer wall are:
1 Strictly check to ensure the quality of cement mortar grouting. When grouting, it is necessary to slowly fill and smear, and the steel head is completely inserted and compacted. The height of each grouting and the filling rate are strictly controlled to ensure that the stone is not “emptyâ€, which can play a certain role in seepage of the external wall.
2 When the plate is laid with the seam, the edge of the plate is stepped, the sides of the two plates are 4 mm from the seam, and the outside is 10 mm from the seam. When the inner seam is spliced ​​between the board and the board, the “seat†method is adopted, and the outer 10mm seam is to be compacted with black silica gel after the whole board is pasted, thereby forming a secondary caulking, and the silicone caulking adopts a special curved shape. The tool outlines the concave curved seam.
3. Prevention and treatment of "pan-alkali" phenomenon
The phenomenon of "pan-alkali" (commonly known as "rogue") is mainly caused by the physical and chemical reaction between the cement mortar on the back of the stone and the stone under the intermediary action of the water, which penetrates the surface through the pores in the stone, thereby forming a white surface. Strip. This phenomenon can be adopted in the above-mentioned method in the construction process. The back of the stone is covered with white cement glue twice, which can largely block the pores on the back of the stone to curb the occurrence of this phenomenon. It works.
4. Prevention and treatment of the phenomenon of "liquid seepage"
The phenomenon of “liquid seepage†(commonly known as “big flower faceâ€) is mainly caused by the wet work method when the plate is laid, due to the appearance of empty drums, the rainwater enters the empty drum area and is ejected by high temperature evaporation to bring out the slurry, thus forming the surface of the plate. Spots. Therefore, in the construction process, the measures to ensure the quality of grouting of cement mortar as described in the article to prevent the hollow drum and the anti-seepage measures of the “secondary caulking†are effective methods to prevent the phenomenon of “liquid seepageâ€.
5. Installation and detail processing of shaped processing materials
When the stone flower line is used in the column foot, column waist and countertop port, in order to ensure the quality of the project and the smooth progress of the construction, corresponding measures can be taken for different parts:
1 The flower line is made by the site after the drawing is drawn according to the design intent. And sent special personnel to supervise, inspect and check the special-shaped processing of stone.
2 The flower line is tested before installation. According to the position of the trial, the position of the steel mesh is popped up, which not only facilitates the construction of the steel bar, but also ensures that the stone flower wire is hung on the steel mesh according to the design position.
3 pillar marble nodes have many concave and convex shapes, and a reasonable installation procedure must be determined. Generally, the inner layer is installed first, then the outer layer is installed, and the corner line is finally installed. At the same time, the installation space of the flower line is left, so that the flower line can be firmly tied by the copper wire and the steel mesh, and the grouting is convenient. A few of them are directly laid on the inner marble surface according to the design needs.
4 wall, the bottom of the column is a row of stone at the bottom, left to the ground after the stone construction is completed, to avoid the occurrence of the sky seam. This row of stone is grouted by lateral plugging.
The 5 flower line is cut at the intersection of the angle of the sun angle. The small cutting machine used in the field cannot be guaranteed by the cutting depth of the blade. According to this actual situation, the elastic wire after assembly is sent to the factory for cutting. For fine parts, the corners are finely ground and polished with a hand-held angle grinder, which gives better results.
Second, enhance quality awareness and continuously improve professional and technical capabilities
So far, the engineering projects we have completed have not experienced any quality problems in the decoration of the plates, and have been well received by the quality inspection department. In summary, the author believes that to ensure the quality of decoration, it is necessary to enhance the quality awareness and management awareness of all participants in the management to the operation level, fully understand the inherent nature of various veneer materials, and the common quality problems in decorative engineering. Analyze, pre-control, and rationally select the processing methods of nodes such as details and corners. The design drawings of the design institute are used as the construction basis, and then the design is visualized and the details are deepened according to the actual situation and design intent of the site.
However, with the rapid development of the construction industry, various new materials for decoration have emerged, and their construction methods often conflict with traditional processes. This requires project management personnel to strengthen learning, constantly improve their professional and technical quality, pioneering and innovative, breaking the constraints of traditional construction methods to meet the requirements of new materials and new processes.
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