U.S. researchers have developed a flexible hole material to solve the low-pressure and room-temperature storage problems of gas fuels, help extend the range of natural gas-powered vehicles, and reduce pressure deployment requirements for gas stations.
This material contains "metal-organic framework" (MOF), which is composed of inorganic metal units and organic ligands. Cobalt and iron atoms are scattered throughout the entire structure. Dibutyl phthalate is used as the linking site. When the volume expands, the number of cavities increases. When the volume is reduced, cavities almost completely disappear.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, in the British journal Nature, reported that in the first experiments, only the pressure generated by household compressors (equivalent to 35 to 36 times the atmospheric pressure) was used to pump methane, the main component of natural gas. The flexible MOF material expands and adsorbs this gas. Conversely, if methane is released and used to drive a vehicle engine, this flexible material will shrink.
Fuel storage problems hinder the promotion of natural gas or hydrogen-powered vehicles. The motivation for setting this issue is that natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than gasoline or diesel. However, the compressed natural gas tank pressure is 250 atmospheres, and the liquid natural gas storage temperature is minus 162 degrees Celsius. In addition, within the same fuel tank volume, the energy density of compressed natural gas is at most one-third of the energy density of gasoline, and the former's endurance capacity is obviously insufficient.
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