On October 16, a new "negative emission" power plant has already started operating in Iceland. This EU-backed CarbFix project, which takes place at the Hellisheidi power plant in Iceland (the world's largest geothermal power plant), will capture carbon dioxide from the ambient air and store it permanently underground. Carbon dioxide reacts with the basalt basestone to form solid minerals that are permanently stored underground.
Although this project is still in the experimental phase, researchers hope that the program can be extended to the world. The project team announced this week that it has entered another testing phase, collecting carbon dioxide from the ambient air and sending it through water to 700 meters deep underground. At present, this test system can only collect 50 tons of carbon dioxide per year, which is equivalent to that of an American family. But researchers hope its absorptive capacity can grow exponentially.
Christoph Gebald, founder and CEO of Climeworks, Switzerland, said: “The potential for this technology to absorb CO2 after scaling up is enormous. We plan to eliminate carbon targets for individuals, companies and organizations to eliminate their inevitable Carbon dioxide emissions,†said Edda Sif Aradóttir, head of the CarbFix project. “We carried out this carbon fixation project at a unique location in Iceland, which confirms that we can permanently convert greenhouse gases into rocks.â€
In the countryside of Zurich, Climeworks began collecting greenhouse gases from the air with the help of huge fans and filters in May. This $23 million project is called the world's first "CO2 commercial collection factory." Climeworks has received tens of millions of dollars in sponsorships through various channels including the government, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, and the European Space Agency.
Climeworks estimates that the cost of collecting one ton of carbon dioxide from the air is approximately $600. By 2017, the plant's annual collection capacity will be only 900 tons. This is equivalent to the annual emissions of 45 Americans. Climeworks sells these gases to surrounding greenhouses as fertilizer for growing tomatoes and cucumbers. It also works with automaker Audi to explore how to use carbon from more fuel.
According to Jan Wurzbacher, creator and director of Climeworks, "The company has a ambition to change the planet, reducing the cost per ton of CO2 to US$100 by 2025, and capturing 1% of global man-made CO2 emissions." A large amount of greenhouse gases extracted from the air are buried underground, and global temperatures will be reduced, which will also completely exceed the Paris Climate Summit's goal of reducing emissions.
The United Nations has stated that humans are still a long way from the goal of the Paris climate summit, but the reduction of emissions from factories or cars could not achieve their goals, especially after President Trump decided to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement. In addition, there are no penalties or light penalties for carbon dioxide emissions from factories, power stations, and automobiles worldwide.
The Paris Climate Summit tried to increase the global temperature in this century by 2 degrees Celsius, ideally by 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer than before the pre-industrial era. However, the UN data shows that the current plan to reduce emissions is not enough to achieve this goal, and the world must achieve “negative emissions†in this century.
Scientists are currently using huge fans to collect carbon dioxide from the air, and are prepared to use balloons to release chemicals that block solar radiation and use it as a geoengineering measure to cool the planet. More risky geoengineering solutions can be used as a back-up plan, such as dumping iron into the ocean to absorb carbon or make clouds.
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