As energy demand rises, researchers at Penn State Behrend and the University of Tabriz, Iran have completed an algorithm-or method-to design More efficient wind farms help builders generate more revenue and provide customers with more renewable energy.
Mohammad Rasouli, an assistant professor of electrical engineering at Penn State Erie at Behrend College, said wind energy is rising, not just in the United States. The efficiency of solar panels is less than 25%, which is still the subject of current research. Wind turbines are more efficient and can convert more than 45% of wind energy into electrical energy.
Wind turbines can convert more than 45% of wind energy into electrical energy. (The picture comes from the network)
Although wind turbines are very efficient, if not designed properly, the unreasonable layout of the wind farm will reduce the efficiency of power generation. Rasouli said that builders do not always place turbines where wind speeds are highest, where they generate the most energy. Turbine spacing is also important-because the drag generated by the turbine will reduce the wind speed, the first turbines that capture the wind will generate more energy than the turbines behind.
Researchers say that in order to build more efficient wind farms, designers must consider wind speed and turbine spacing, as well as land size, geographic location, number of turbines, number of vegetation, meteorological conditions, construction costs, and other factors. Even with the help of mathematical models, it is very difficult to balance all these factors to find the best layout.
This is a multi-objective approach, Rasouli said. We have a function and we want to optimize it while taking into account various constraints. The researchers focused on one method, which is optimization based on biogeography.
BBO was born in 2008, inspired by nature. It is based on how animals naturally distribute themselves, so as to maximize the use of their environmental resources according to their needs. By building a mathematical model of animal behavior, researchers have the possibility to calculate the optimal distribution of objects in other scenes, such as turbines in wind farms.
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO): Biogeography optimization algorithm. Born in 2008, the inspiration comes from nature. It is based on how animals naturally distribute themselves, so as to maximize the use of their environmental resources according to their needs. (Picture from Wikipedia)
Rasouli said that analytical methods require a lot of calculations. This BBO method minimizes the amount of calculation and achieves good results, and finds the optimal solution at a lower calculation cost.
Other researchers used simplified versions of the BBO method to calculate more efficient wind farm layouts in 2017 and 2018, but these simplified versions do not consider all factors that affect the optimal layout. Researchers from Pennsylvania State University and the University of Tabriz have perfected the method by adding additional variables, including real market data, surface roughness—affecting the amount of wind—and the wind power received by each turbine.
The research team also improved the BBO method by combining wake calculations with a more realistic model-the area of ​​the wing that is slower after the wind blows through the turbine, similar to the wake behind the ship. And test the model's sensitivity to other factors, such as interest rates, financial incentives and differences in energy production costs.
They published their research results on the Journal of Cleaner Production website, which will be published in November.
Researchers will be able to use the BBO method to optimize the layout of the wind farm (picture from the network)
Rasouli said that this is a more realistic optimization method than some existing simplified methods. This is a better choice for customers, manufacturers and large-scale wind farms that are integrated into the grid. By adding more data, such as updated weather records and manufacturer information, researchers will be able to use the BBO method to optimize the layout of wind farms, help wind farm designers around the world to better use their land, and provide consumers Generate more energy to meet future energy needs.
Rasouli said that the era of fossil fuels is over. With this and upcoming methods or better optimization methods in the future, we can make better use of wind energy.
(Original source: Daily Wind Energy China New Energy Network Comprehensive)
Led Camp Light,Solar Led Camping Lights,Outdoor Solar Led Camp Bulb,Solar Camp Light
Shenzhen You&My Electronic Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.ymledtrade.com