Welcome to the nano-era grinding and grinding
With the continuous development of industrial products such as IT-related products, automobiles, and home appliances, high-performance grinding and grinding processes are becoming more and more important. For production technicians, high-precision, high-efficiency automation is always the subject. Grinding and grinding technology research and development results promote industrial product renewal and are moving forward on the ground.
(1) Grinding and grinding technology is becoming more and more important
Almost all home PCs (PCs) equipped with hard disk (HDD) are now being machined with single crystal diamond tools on ultra-precision machine tools. In recent years, the disk surface recording density has reached an annual growth rate of 100%, achieving a recording density of 1 G per 1 square inch. This technology is obtained by grinding an aluminum alloy base plate with an electroless NIP film and then smoothing the surface by grinding. The advancement of high-performance processing technology has also changed the base material from aluminum alloy to a higher rigidity than aluminum silicate glass, crystallized glass, etc. Therefore, the grinding and grinding processes are more important.
(2) High precision
When the linear motor was first developed, it attracted attention because of its high-speed machining. However, in recent years, the use of linear motors has gradually turned to high precision. In other words, many excellent characteristics of linear motors, high positioning accuracy, circular interpolation accuracy is particularly impressive. The reason is that the non-contact drive system does not have the error caused by various mechanical factors such as the gear pair of the conventional servo motor rotation reduction, the ball screw, the coupling member, and the linear motor must adopt the closed circuit control.
In the future, the development of high-precision machining technology will accelerate. Precision machining, one of the most important machining processes for high precision machining. Especially in the field of ultra-precision machining such as precision measuring instruments, optical instruments, and silicon wafers, it is required to process an infinite smooth surface. To this end, machine tool builders have developed ultra-precision surface grinders that use independent variable static slide technology to achieve high-rigidity machining while achieving even a change in oil film thickness (the table does not tilt). The grinding flatness reaches lμm/m2. In addition, the machined surface can achieve a flatness of 0.03 μm/m 2 by polishing. In order to achieve high precision machining, thermal deformation must be overcome. Specifically, it is necessary to reduce the heat generated from the drive motor bearing, the guide surface, and the like as much as possible. In addition, in order not to thermally deform the machined workpiece, it is also necessary to control the heat generated by the machining point from the surface of the workpiece. To this end, the ultra-precision surface grinder is equipped with a constant temperature and constant humidity isolation hood, which is commercialized as a complete system.
(3) High efficiency
Increased grinding wheel feed rate, reduced workpiece feed rate Intermittent feed grinding technology combined with electrodeposition grinding wheel high peripheral speed grinding technology to form HEDG (HighEfficientDeep-CutGrinding) grinding technology has been put into practical use in Europe, but Japan Almost no one is adopted. On the other hand, industries such as reducing the feed rate of grinding wheels and increasing the feed rate of workpieces, such as fast-cutting (high-speed reciprocating grinding) metal mold processing, are gradually becoming the mainstream of forming grinding. This grinding method increases the number of round trips per unit time per unit by crank, hydraulic servo or linear motor (for workpieces with shorter strokes, it can also be fed continuously by grinding wheel), which can greatly improve the machining efficiency, and is also suitable for metal molds. Short-stroke grinding such as perforation. The disadvantage of this method is that the high acceleration/deceleration motion of the table is easy to cause vibration when it is reversed, and it is necessary to try to suppress it. For this reason, methods such as reducing the weight of the table, weighting the chassis, performing acceleration/deceleration control, and balancing can be employed. The fast-running knife grinding machine has been favored by many surface grinder manufacturers, and it is believed that it can be commercialized and will become the mainstream of metal forming grinding machines in the future.
(4) Miniaturization and environmental protection (energy saving)
In the previous JIMTOF (Japan International Machine Tool Show), small machines were exhibited by various manufacturers. The main reason was that in order to adapt to multi-variety and small-volume production, it was necessary to flexibly reorganize the production line. Therefore, it is urgent to unify the machine width. Moreover, the miniaturization of machine tools can bring many expected benefits, such as shortening the length of the production line, reducing the space occupied, easily changing the production line, and improving the information transmission inside the factory.
A company has introduced the concept of “energy saving spaceâ€. The grinding machine covers less than 40% of the ordinary grinding machine, especially the width is reduced to less than 1200mm. In general, the reduction in footprint is not convenient for maintenance, but the grinding machine integrates the maintenance part before and after the machine, improving the convenience of maintenance. In addition, the company reduced the supply of grinding fluid by 50% (and even 99% reduction in workpieces), reducing environmental impact. In order to achieve miniaturization of the grinding machine, it is necessary to reduce the diameter of the grinding wheel. In order not to reduce the grinding wheel speed, ultra-high speed spindle technology is required. The grinding machine reduces the frequency of wheel exchange and also reduces the thickness of the wheel, so it is basically used for contour machining. In addition, in order to save space, the shaft drive system uses a linear motor drive that does not require a gearbox, and the button can be automatically adjusted in one operation by a program change button.
(5) Compounding
A vertical grinding machine technology has been developed to produce a small-sized composite grinding machine that combines grinding and cutting. By clamping the workpiece in one time, it can finish grinding from turning to cylinder and inner surface with high precision and high efficiency. finishing. Since the vertical shaft grinder is narrower than the horizontal shaft grinder, it is easier to fit into the production line. It is expected that the composite grinding machine will be put into commercial production as soon as possible. Various other composite machine tools (such as laser machining and grinding combined) have also been developed.
As economic globalization continues to develop, more and more machine tools are being exported to countries with completely different languages ​​and cultures. As a durable asset machine, regular inspections of maintenance are indispensable. Therefore, the use of video images to represent the alarm location and content functions, the use of the Internet to automatically monitor the machine tool, etc. has also become one of the key technologies.
Micro-processing status and future
Rapid development of microelectronic optoelectronic technology Under the background of miniaturization, compounding and integration, in order to realize the processing of micro-components with fine and complex shapes, the ultra-precision machining machine for ultra-precision lathes has a positive degree of freedom. More multi-axis control ultra-precision milling machines with multiple axes Control the development of ultra-precision machining. Thanks to advances in control technology, ultra-precision machine tools and processing technology have also made great progress.
(1) What is ultra-precision machining?
Ultra-precision machining will correctly produce the tool shape and accurately reproduce it on the workpiece. Its characteristics are to cut the workpiece with the tool tip to make the desired shape, that is, to realize the copy according to the machine's "motherhood" principle.
The process of making a fine shape is called micromachining (or micromachining). It is well known that microfabrication can use semiconductor fabrication techniques or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). However, the use of optical particle beam processing technology is not good at processing the shape of the bevel surface, and there are certain restrictions on the material to be processed. In this regard, diamond cutting, although it is a traditional machining process, can be applied to almost all materials, so it plays a large role.
Ultra-precision machine tools from ultra-precision lathes are undergoing ultra-precision machining of multi-axis control ultra-precision milling machines with more degrees of freedom. They are mainly used for processing large-volume CD sensor lenses and their metal molds, contact lenses, Fresnel A lens or the like has a complicated shape of a micro member. Due to the rapid development of microelectronic optoelectronic technology and the requirements for miniaturization, compounding and integration of products, people are very concerned about the processing efficiency of these products.
(2) What is multi-axis control processing?
By controlling the machine axes such as linear motion axes and rotary axes, you can skillfully adjust the tool (including the rotary tool non-rotating tool) and the workpiece position and posture to process a variety of workpiece shapes. Like ordinary machine tools, ultra-precision machine tools are mostly composed of three orthogonal axes of orthogonal linear axes X, Y and Z, which are surrounded by three rotating axes A, B and C. In order to make the tool workpiece can be placed in any position near the machining point. It is necessary to control all of the six axes. At this point the tool cannot be freely rotated, so a non-rotating tool is required. When using a rotary tool, there is no need to control the position of its rotary axis, so 5-axis control is sufficient. This 4-axis or higher control is called multi-axis control. Generally, 5-axis or 6-axis control is rarely performed at the same time. However, multi-axis control processing is necessary in order to complete complicated shape machining at a time without re-setting, or when the part other than the workpiece processing portion interferes with the tool.
(3) Multi-axis control of ultra-precision machine tools
Multi-axis control ultra-precision milling machines or ultra-precision machining core structures can be distinguished according to the positioning structure of the tool workpiece along the feed axis with nanometer precision; the drive can also be transmitted by using the integrated motor screw (the screw can be divided into The ball screw static pressure screw) is also distinguished by a direct drive linear motor. In order to realize the movement of the table with low friction and high straightness, the guided table guiding mode can also be divided into rolling rail static pressure (oil, air) guide rails. The same is true for a rotating partial bearing.
There are several ultra-precision five-axis control machine tools that emphasize the ease of operation and processing performance. The positioning accuracy is generally 1 nm.
In order to ultra-precision machining with three-dimensional complex micro-shapes such as free-form surfaces, there is a need for a micro-diamond diamond ball end mill as a rotary tool, but this tool is not available on the market, so decades ago, the use of tiny diameter single crystals The diamond cutter head cuts off the side of the sheet and slightly offsets (biases) the tool from the axis of rotation (called an approximate ball end mill). but. If the tool tilting can be achieved by multi-axis control to avoid zero speed cutting, then no offset is required. Nowadays, it is no longer necessary to use an approximate ball end mill, but a super-precision machining of a small workpiece with a complicated surface is performed by a multi-axis control using a conventional ball end mill. The NC data required for surface machining can be obtained by using a 3D CAD system or scanning measurements on the model.
(4) Requirements for ultra-precision machining in the future
The accuracy of machine tools is shifting from nanometer to super nanoscale. In the future, ultra-precision machining requirements include the development of increasingly miniaturized tools and their tool-changing technology, the ease of operation of micro-machining 3D CAM and error compensation technology, and hard and brittle material processing technology.
Second generation laser processing technology
Laser processing has been widely used in manufacturing as a new processing technology for a quarter of a century. Laser processing technology was developed as a traditional thermal processing alternative technology, and then independent laser processing technology was developed. Laser machining machines and machining techniques are like two wheels on a car. It is reviewed that the development trend of laser processing machine tool processing technology and its future prospects are still being continuously improved.
(1) Laser oscillator and processing technology changes
The laser was born in 1960. Subsequently, from the 1960s to the first half of the 1970s, many industrial laser inventions appeared. The exploration of laser application technology began almost simultaneously with the birth of lasers. The preliminary application of laser application to processing was mainly carried out at the university of the research institute in the 1970s. With 80 years as the watershed, Japanese domestic laser processing machines have emerged, marking the arrival of the laser era in the industry.
Laser processing technology has further expanded the wavelength of light from the field of infrared light to the field of ultraviolet light, and successfully reduced the pulse oscillation time to a very short time, further expanding the possibility of new applications. Due to the increasing application possibilities and sustainable development of laser processing, laser processing has taken root as a major processing technology industry in a short period of time. Recently, a new laser oscillator was developed in Germany and put into the market around 2003. Previously, the development of laser thermal processing has been accompanied by high power and there have been many technical improvements. However, with the rise of wavelength pulses, the new processing technology has emerged. It can be said that laser processing technology has entered the second generation.
(2) Second generation laser processing technology
Conventional processing lasers mainly use CO2 lasers, YAG laser fundamental waves, and excimer lasers. These lasers are highly power-efficient and the performance of the device is constantly improving. In the past 10 years, diode lasers have achieved array and memory stacking, making it possible to directly use lasers, and high power has made high-speed processing possible. In contrast, the second generation of new laser processing uses ultra-short pulse lasers formed by YAG fundamental waves, titanium sapphire, etc., short-wavelength lasers formed by YAG higher harmonics, KrF excimer lasers, etc., so that processing by ultraviolet light is used. Possible (used for micro hole processing, grooved surface modification, etc.). The material to be processed is also expanded to various non-metallic materials such as metal silicon, polymer, glass, ceramics, and non-ferrous metal films such as aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. Laser processing has expanded from large-scale processing to micro-machining, and its application range continues to expand.
(3) Development trend of laser processing
In Europe and the United States, theoretical research on material processing, development of new processing concepts, and various basic explorations are on the rise. Although applications such as femtosecond ultrashort pulse lasers have infinite possibilities, in the short term, rapid implementation of high power is still elusive. It is expected that the interaction of the laser with the surface of the material will focus on future laser processing applications. In this sense, the application of lasers to surface treatment surface modification is one of the most anticipated areas.
On the other hand, the practical application of laser processing technology in production field is also in full swing. It not only improves laser processing efficiency to obtain high production efficiency research, development of laser high-precision control technology, high performance of laser generating device, and accurate control of laser optics. Technology, including hardware processing control technology such as software robots, is dedicated to the development of a common technology that can turn laser processing theory into a common means of production.
Laser slab processing technology has also developed rapidly. It is also very active in the development of industrial laser technology for machine tools. With the heart of Germany, new laser welding methods for the "long-range laser" and "scanning ray" of the automotive industry have been developed.
(4) Laser processing future
With the rapid development of processing technology, in order to develop new technologies, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of various processing phenomena, the relationship between various factors affecting the processing performance, the laser and material interaction at the processing site, and the interdisciplinary needs to be carried out in many aspects. explore.
Because laser processing means light energy, it is necessary to perform "light management". From light generation to transmission and concentrating, it is necessary to correctly grasp the management light characteristics. As analog technology monitoring technology becomes more intelligent, it is possible to achieve more accurate computer predictions.
For the sake of economical processing efficiency, the existing laser generating devices will be limited in application, and some low-efficiency devices will be gradually eliminated. Although various laser processing techniques are widely used, it is said that the era of wavelength selection is coming soon. In the near future, “emergency processingâ€, which is still in its infancy, will gradually become practical research, and some will be widely used in production practice.
The development of laser processing technology requires strong support from "light generation technology", "light control technology" and "light utilization technology". The interaction of laser processing technology is extended and largely interdependent with these technologies. The vast potential of laser technology will be further revealed by the emergence of new lasers. Although the processing technology is simple and unpretentious, it is expensive and the new development lies in its sustainability. There is a great possibility that laser processing technology is crucial to the development of production technology.
With the continuous development of industrial products such as IT-related products, automobiles, and home appliances, high-performance grinding and grinding processes are becoming more and more important. For production technicians, high-precision, high-efficiency automation is always the subject. Grinding and grinding technology research and development results promote industrial product renewal and are moving forward on the ground.
(1) Grinding and grinding technology is becoming more and more important
Almost all home PCs (PCs) equipped with hard disk (HDD) are now being machined with single crystal diamond tools on ultra-precision machine tools. In recent years, the disk surface recording density has reached an annual growth rate of 100%, achieving a recording density of 1 G per 1 square inch. This technology is obtained by grinding an aluminum alloy base plate with an electroless NIP film and then smoothing the surface by grinding. The advancement of high-performance processing technology has also changed the base material from aluminum alloy to a higher rigidity than aluminum silicate glass, crystallized glass, etc. Therefore, the grinding and grinding processes are more important.
(2) High precision
When the linear motor was first developed, it attracted attention because of its high-speed machining. However, in recent years, the use of linear motors has gradually turned to high precision. In other words, many excellent characteristics of linear motors, high positioning accuracy, circular interpolation accuracy is particularly impressive. The reason is that the non-contact drive system does not have the error caused by various mechanical factors such as the gear pair of the conventional servo motor rotation reduction, the ball screw, the coupling member, and the linear motor must adopt the closed circuit control.
In the future, the development of high-precision machining technology will accelerate. Precision machining, one of the most important machining processes for high precision machining. Especially in the field of ultra-precision machining such as precision measuring instruments, optical instruments, and silicon wafers, it is required to process an infinite smooth surface. To this end, machine tool builders have developed ultra-precision surface grinders that use independent variable static slide technology to achieve high-rigidity machining while achieving even a change in oil film thickness (the table does not tilt). The grinding flatness reaches lμm/m2. In addition, the machined surface can achieve a flatness of 0.03 μm/m 2 by polishing. In order to achieve high precision machining, thermal deformation must be overcome. Specifically, it is necessary to reduce the heat generated from the drive motor bearing, the guide surface, and the like as much as possible. In addition, in order not to thermally deform the machined workpiece, it is also necessary to control the heat generated by the machining point from the surface of the workpiece. To this end, the ultra-precision surface grinder is equipped with a constant temperature and constant humidity isolation hood, which is commercialized as a complete system.
(3) High efficiency
Increased grinding wheel feed rate, reduced workpiece feed rate Intermittent feed grinding technology combined with electrodeposition grinding wheel high peripheral speed grinding technology to form HEDG (HighEfficientDeep-CutGrinding) grinding technology has been put into practical use in Europe, but Japan Almost no one is adopted. On the other hand, industries such as reducing the feed rate of grinding wheels and increasing the feed rate of workpieces, such as fast-cutting (high-speed reciprocating grinding) metal mold processing, are gradually becoming the mainstream of forming grinding. This grinding method increases the number of round trips per unit time per unit by crank, hydraulic servo or linear motor (for workpieces with shorter strokes, it can also be fed continuously by grinding wheel), which can greatly improve the machining efficiency, and is also suitable for metal molds. Short-stroke grinding such as perforation. The disadvantage of this method is that the high acceleration/deceleration motion of the table is easy to cause vibration when it is reversed, and it is necessary to try to suppress it. For this reason, methods such as reducing the weight of the table, weighting the chassis, performing acceleration/deceleration control, and balancing can be employed. The fast-running knife grinding machine has been favored by many surface grinder manufacturers, and it is believed that it can be commercialized and will become the mainstream of metal forming grinding machines in the future.
(4) Miniaturization and environmental protection (energy saving)
In the previous JIMTOF (Japan International Machine Tool Show), small machines were exhibited by various manufacturers. The main reason was that in order to adapt to multi-variety and small-volume production, it was necessary to flexibly reorganize the production line. Therefore, it is urgent to unify the machine width. Moreover, the miniaturization of machine tools can bring many expected benefits, such as shortening the length of the production line, reducing the space occupied, easily changing the production line, and improving the information transmission inside the factory.
A company has introduced the concept of “energy saving spaceâ€. The grinding machine covers less than 40% of the ordinary grinding machine, especially the width is reduced to less than 1200mm. In general, the reduction in footprint is not convenient for maintenance, but the grinding machine integrates the maintenance part before and after the machine, improving the convenience of maintenance. In addition, the company reduced the supply of grinding fluid by 50% (and even 99% reduction in workpieces), reducing environmental impact. In order to achieve miniaturization of the grinding machine, it is necessary to reduce the diameter of the grinding wheel. In order not to reduce the grinding wheel speed, ultra-high speed spindle technology is required. The grinding machine reduces the frequency of wheel exchange and also reduces the thickness of the wheel, so it is basically used for contour machining. In addition, in order to save space, the shaft drive system uses a linear motor drive that does not require a gearbox, and the button can be automatically adjusted in one operation by a program change button.
(5) Compounding
A vertical grinding machine technology has been developed to produce a small-sized composite grinding machine that combines grinding and cutting. By clamping the workpiece in one time, it can finish grinding from turning to cylinder and inner surface with high precision and high efficiency. finishing. Since the vertical shaft grinder is narrower than the horizontal shaft grinder, it is easier to fit into the production line. It is expected that the composite grinding machine will be put into commercial production as soon as possible. Various other composite machine tools (such as laser machining and grinding combined) have also been developed.
As economic globalization continues to develop, more and more machine tools are being exported to countries with completely different languages ​​and cultures. As a durable asset machine, regular inspections of maintenance are indispensable. Therefore, the use of video images to represent the alarm location and content functions, the use of the Internet to automatically monitor the machine tool, etc. has also become one of the key technologies.
Micro-processing status and future
Rapid development of microelectronic optoelectronic technology Under the background of miniaturization, compounding and integration, in order to realize the processing of micro-components with fine and complex shapes, the ultra-precision machining machine for ultra-precision lathes has a positive degree of freedom. More multi-axis control ultra-precision milling machines with multiple axes Control the development of ultra-precision machining. Thanks to advances in control technology, ultra-precision machine tools and processing technology have also made great progress.
(1) What is ultra-precision machining?
Ultra-precision machining will correctly produce the tool shape and accurately reproduce it on the workpiece. Its characteristics are to cut the workpiece with the tool tip to make the desired shape, that is, to realize the copy according to the machine's "motherhood" principle.
The process of making a fine shape is called micromachining (or micromachining). It is well known that microfabrication can use semiconductor fabrication techniques or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). However, the use of optical particle beam processing technology is not good at processing the shape of the bevel surface, and there are certain restrictions on the material to be processed. In this regard, diamond cutting, although it is a traditional machining process, can be applied to almost all materials, so it plays a large role.
Ultra-precision machine tools from ultra-precision lathes are undergoing ultra-precision machining of multi-axis control ultra-precision milling machines with more degrees of freedom. They are mainly used for processing large-volume CD sensor lenses and their metal molds, contact lenses, Fresnel A lens or the like has a complicated shape of a micro member. Due to the rapid development of microelectronic optoelectronic technology and the requirements for miniaturization, compounding and integration of products, people are very concerned about the processing efficiency of these products.
(2) What is multi-axis control processing?
By controlling the machine axes such as linear motion axes and rotary axes, you can skillfully adjust the tool (including the rotary tool non-rotating tool) and the workpiece position and posture to process a variety of workpiece shapes. Like ordinary machine tools, ultra-precision machine tools are mostly composed of three orthogonal axes of orthogonal linear axes X, Y and Z, which are surrounded by three rotating axes A, B and C. In order to make the tool workpiece can be placed in any position near the machining point. It is necessary to control all of the six axes. At this point the tool cannot be freely rotated, so a non-rotating tool is required. When using a rotary tool, there is no need to control the position of its rotary axis, so 5-axis control is sufficient. This 4-axis or higher control is called multi-axis control. Generally, 5-axis or 6-axis control is rarely performed at the same time. However, multi-axis control processing is necessary in order to complete complicated shape machining at a time without re-setting, or when the part other than the workpiece processing portion interferes with the tool.
(3) Multi-axis control of ultra-precision machine tools
Multi-axis control ultra-precision milling machines or ultra-precision machining core structures can be distinguished according to the positioning structure of the tool workpiece along the feed axis with nanometer precision; the drive can also be transmitted by using the integrated motor screw (the screw can be divided into The ball screw static pressure screw) is also distinguished by a direct drive linear motor. In order to realize the movement of the table with low friction and high straightness, the guided table guiding mode can also be divided into rolling rail static pressure (oil, air) guide rails. The same is true for a rotating partial bearing.
There are several ultra-precision five-axis control machine tools that emphasize the ease of operation and processing performance. The positioning accuracy is generally 1 nm.
In order to ultra-precision machining with three-dimensional complex micro-shapes such as free-form surfaces, there is a need for a micro-diamond diamond ball end mill as a rotary tool, but this tool is not available on the market, so decades ago, the use of tiny diameter single crystals The diamond cutter head cuts off the side of the sheet and slightly offsets (biases) the tool from the axis of rotation (called an approximate ball end mill). but. If the tool tilting can be achieved by multi-axis control to avoid zero speed cutting, then no offset is required. Nowadays, it is no longer necessary to use an approximate ball end mill, but a super-precision machining of a small workpiece with a complicated surface is performed by a multi-axis control using a conventional ball end mill. The NC data required for surface machining can be obtained by using a 3D CAD system or scanning measurements on the model.
(4) Requirements for ultra-precision machining in the future
The accuracy of machine tools is shifting from nanometer to super nanoscale. In the future, ultra-precision machining requirements include the development of increasingly miniaturized tools and their tool-changing technology, the ease of operation of micro-machining 3D CAM and error compensation technology, and hard and brittle material processing technology.
Second generation laser processing technology
Laser processing has been widely used in manufacturing as a new processing technology for a quarter of a century. Laser processing technology was developed as a traditional thermal processing alternative technology, and then independent laser processing technology was developed. Laser machining machines and machining techniques are like two wheels on a car. It is reviewed that the development trend of laser processing machine tool processing technology and its future prospects are still being continuously improved.
(1) Laser oscillator and processing technology changes
The laser was born in 1960. Subsequently, from the 1960s to the first half of the 1970s, many industrial laser inventions appeared. The exploration of laser application technology began almost simultaneously with the birth of lasers. The preliminary application of laser application to processing was mainly carried out at the university of the research institute in the 1970s. With 80 years as the watershed, Japanese domestic laser processing machines have emerged, marking the arrival of the laser era in the industry.
Laser processing technology has further expanded the wavelength of light from the field of infrared light to the field of ultraviolet light, and successfully reduced the pulse oscillation time to a very short time, further expanding the possibility of new applications. Due to the increasing application possibilities and sustainable development of laser processing, laser processing has taken root as a major processing technology industry in a short period of time. Recently, a new laser oscillator was developed in Germany and put into the market around 2003. Previously, the development of laser thermal processing has been accompanied by high power and there have been many technical improvements. However, with the rise of wavelength pulses, the new processing technology has emerged. It can be said that laser processing technology has entered the second generation.
(2) Second generation laser processing technology
Conventional processing lasers mainly use CO2 lasers, YAG laser fundamental waves, and excimer lasers. These lasers are highly power-efficient and the performance of the device is constantly improving. In the past 10 years, diode lasers have achieved array and memory stacking, making it possible to directly use lasers, and high power has made high-speed processing possible. In contrast, the second generation of new laser processing uses ultra-short pulse lasers formed by YAG fundamental waves, titanium sapphire, etc., short-wavelength lasers formed by YAG higher harmonics, KrF excimer lasers, etc., so that processing by ultraviolet light is used. Possible (used for micro hole processing, grooved surface modification, etc.). The material to be processed is also expanded to various non-metallic materials such as metal silicon, polymer, glass, ceramics, and non-ferrous metal films such as aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. Laser processing has expanded from large-scale processing to micro-machining, and its application range continues to expand.
(3) Development trend of laser processing
In Europe and the United States, theoretical research on material processing, development of new processing concepts, and various basic explorations are on the rise. Although applications such as femtosecond ultrashort pulse lasers have infinite possibilities, in the short term, rapid implementation of high power is still elusive. It is expected that the interaction of the laser with the surface of the material will focus on future laser processing applications. In this sense, the application of lasers to surface treatment surface modification is one of the most anticipated areas.
On the other hand, the practical application of laser processing technology in production field is also in full swing. It not only improves laser processing efficiency to obtain high production efficiency research, development of laser high-precision control technology, high performance of laser generating device, and accurate control of laser optics. Technology, including hardware processing control technology such as software robots, is dedicated to the development of a common technology that can turn laser processing theory into a common means of production.
Laser slab processing technology has also developed rapidly. It is also very active in the development of industrial laser technology for machine tools. With the heart of Germany, new laser welding methods for the "long-range laser" and "scanning ray" of the automotive industry have been developed.
(4) Laser processing future
With the rapid development of processing technology, in order to develop new technologies, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of various processing phenomena, the relationship between various factors affecting the processing performance, the laser and material interaction at the processing site, and the interdisciplinary needs to be carried out in many aspects. explore.
Because laser processing means light energy, it is necessary to perform "light management". From light generation to transmission and concentrating, it is necessary to correctly grasp the management light characteristics. As analog technology monitoring technology becomes more intelligent, it is possible to achieve more accurate computer predictions.
For the sake of economical processing efficiency, the existing laser generating devices will be limited in application, and some low-efficiency devices will be gradually eliminated. Although various laser processing techniques are widely used, it is said that the era of wavelength selection is coming soon. In the near future, “emergency processingâ€, which is still in its infancy, will gradually become practical research, and some will be widely used in production practice.
The development of laser processing technology requires strong support from "light generation technology", "light control technology" and "light utilization technology". The interaction of laser processing technology is extended and largely interdependent with these technologies. The vast potential of laser technology will be further revealed by the emergence of new lasers. Although the processing technology is simple and unpretentious, it is expensive and the new development lies in its sustainability. There is a great possibility that laser processing technology is crucial to the development of production technology.
The screw rod is a machine screw (mechanical screw), which is the kind of flat head at the front end. The screw pitch is small and uniform. It is generally used to fasten metal and machine parts.
Machine silk:
Round head machine tooth screw PM
Round head screw with intermedia
Large flat head screw TM
Countersunk screw km
Half countersunk head machine tooth screw OM
Big head screw BM
Thin head machine tooth screw cm
Cup head machine tooth Bolt HM
Machine Screws,Sewing Machine Screws,Slotted Cheese Head Screws,Fillister Head Machine Screw
Suzhou Gubao Screws Co.,Ltd. , https://www.gbscrewes.com