The pace of commercialization of genetically modified staple foods in China has changed.
An informed source close to the Ministry of Agriculture revealed to the newspaper that the country will not implement the commercialization of rice and wheat-based genetically modified staples in the next five to 10 years. This policy orientation has already been reflected in the “Development Plan for Modern Crop Seed Industry (2011-2020)†(hereinafter referred to as “Planningâ€) that will be introduced this year. The “Planning†does not include GM rice, wheat, and corn. Contents of food crops such as soybeans.
In October 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture approved the safety certificates for two varieties of genetically modified rice and one type of genetically modified corn, and stated that in the next three to five years, genetically modified rice will be the first to be listed in China, but this process has been slowed down.
According to the aforementioned informed sources, the reason why the state has delayed the pace of commercialization of staple foods is that, on the one hand, there is a great deal of suspicion from all parties regarding the safety of genetically modified products. On the other hand, it is based on the judgment that the domestic research on genetically modified staple foods is currently in progress. , promotion, supervision, and even late-stage business operations are not yet mature.
However, the source disclosed that due to the sharp increase in the demand for corn, the national reserve pressure will increase, corn breeding technology will enter a historical turning point, and in the next five to 10 years, the commercialization of genetically modified corn will likely advance in due course.
Policy has changed
On April 18, the State Council issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Modern Crop Seed Industry (hereinafter referred to as “Opinionsâ€), of which only two references to “transgenics†and the relevant statements are very concise. One is to point out that It is necessary to “promote the implementation of major special projects for breeding new varieties of genetically modified organisms.†Another point is to emphasize the need to further standardize the “safety evaluation of genetically modified crops and the introduction of varieties across regionsâ€.
Ma Shuping, deputy director of the Ministry of Agriculture’s Department of Planting, publicly stated that in accordance with the principled and directional requirements of the “Opinions†on the development of China's seed industry, the Ministry of Agriculture will formulate and improve a number of policy papers related to future seed industry development. An important part is the formulation of the “Development Plan for Modern Crop Seed Industry (2011-2020)†(hereinafter referred to as “Planningâ€). She further stated that "Planning" is the embodiment and refinement of "Views". In the planning, the Ministry of Agriculture will divide the crops, sub-varieties, and sub-regions to propose the major tasks and milestones for the development of seed industry in the next ten years.
The newspaper learned that starting last year, the Ministry of Agriculture organized experts to write "Planning." After so many rounds of soliciting comments and revisions, "Planning" has been basically finalized and is expected to be launched this year. The aforementioned person close to the top of the Ministry of Agriculture told this newspaper that the “plan†divided the crop, sub-variety, and sub-region into the major tasks and milestones of the development of China's seed industry in the next ten years, but it did not include genetically modified rice and wheat. Contents of food crops such as corn and soybeans.
The person familiar with the matter said that some domestic experts had considerable controversy over the GM rice and corn varieties that received the Ministry of Agriculture's safety certificate in 2009. The focus of the controversy is that many experts believe that both genetically modified rice and corn varieties are insufficient in the innovation of breeding technologies. On this basis, it is difficult for domestic companies to introduce commercially viable GM rice and corn within five years. Variety.
According to the newspaper's understanding, at the symposium on the commercialization of genetically modified crops held by the State Council in May, the seed expert of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yu Pingya, clearly stated that the transgenic rice “Bt Shuyu 63†cultivated by Professor Zhang Huaili of Huazhong Agricultural University was actually implemented. It was transformed from the rice variety “Shanyou 63,†which had been decommissioned. The specific transformation method was “Transferring an insect-resistant gene into 'Yanyou 63'†and named it as a new transgenic rice variety.
According to the aforementioned informed sources, the “Shanyou 63†rice variety was originally led by Xie Hua'an, a seed expert of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in 1981, and was awarded the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 1988. Has completely exited the seed market.
According to a public report, "Bt NiYou 63" can increase production by 8%. However, according to informed sources, currently there are no “increased-genes†in genetically modified seeds cultivated by domestic experts. Since planting genetically modified crops is resistant to insect pests, “increased yield†is actually a measure of the increase in the cost of pesticides saved by planting genetically modified crop seeds.
He also stated that transgenic phytase corn cultivated by Fan Yunliu, a researcher of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has outstanding functions in comparison with other corn varieties to enable the pigs to digest more phosphorus, thereby reducing environmental pollution caused by animal waste, and has no resistance. Insect resistance and increased yield function. Fan Yunliu’s scientific research staff explained that “it can help pigs, ducks, and other monogastric animals digest the rich phosphorus in the feed.â€
According to the person familiar with the matter, at present, the decision makers believe that the research, promotion, supervision and even the operation of the enterprises in the late period of the genetically modified staple food are still not mature, and the pace of commercialization of genetically modified staple foods should slow down. It is based on such prudent consideration that in the above "Opinions" and "Planning", there is little content related to "transgenic".
Corn or sudden progress
According to the aforementioned informed sources, in the next 5 to 10 years, the country will not promote the commercialization of rice and wheat-based genetically modified staple foods, but in the same period, the commercialization of genetically modified corn may become a reality.
The agricultural sector predicts that the output of rice, wheat and corn in China will continue to increase steadily over the next 10 years or even longer. However, the difference is that the demand for rice and wheat is gradually declining. As the demand for meat, eggs, and milk from the Chinese people is increasing, the demand for corn is becoming stronger and stronger. Officials in the field of agricultural management worry that China's corn will follow the footsteps of imported soybeans in the coming years.
According to statistics from the China Grain and Oil Information Center, the domestic dependence on domestic soybean demand has reached 78% last year. Since last year, China has shifted from a net corn exporter to a net importer, and its external demand has soared. Corn is used as one of the main rations in some countries, so the international concern over China’s dramatic increase in corn imports is of great concern.
According to the “Twelfth Five-year Plan for the Development of Planting Industry in the Whole Country (2011-2015)†published by the Ministry of Agriculture on September 20, the self-sufficiency rate of China's three main crops of rice, wheat, and corn should reach 100%. Most people in the industry believe that both rice and wheat can be achieved, but corn is even more difficult.
According to Jiao Shanwei, senior analyst of China Grain Network, to achieve self-sufficiency in domestic corn in the future, there are only two ways. First, the corn planting area is greatly increased, and then there is the increase in corn yield as soon as possible, and from the current domestic actual situation Seeing that the possibility of greatly increasing the corn planting area can basically be ruled out, and in the short term, it is very unlikely that we would like to seek to cultivate and popularize the type of corn single product.
According to the newspaper's understanding, the two largest varieties currently cultivated in China are Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, and the remaining corn varieties account for a very small area. "Zhengdan 958" is a high-yield, stable-yield, multi-resistance corn variety selected by the domestic breeding expert Bao Chunxin in the 1990s. "Xianyu 335" was a species introduced by the American Pioneer Seed Company in China in 2004. Many seed industry experts predict that after years of peaking, Zhengdan 958 will likely withdraw from the market earlier due to new pests and diseases. At that time, domestic corn production will only rely on the “Xianyu 335†for support. The monotony of self-producing dominant corn varieties in China poses a greater threat to future food security in China.
The aforementioned person familiar with the Ministry of Agriculture said that the more realistic reason for the rapid commercialization of GM maize is that, unlike rice and wheat, which are the main rations for people in the country, most of the domestic corn is used as animal feed or primary raw materials for food. People rarely eat directly, and officials will encounter less obstacles when it comes to advancing the commercialization of genetically modified corn.
The source told this newspaper that the relevant parties will further increase the research and development of genetically modified corn technology and introduce better varieties of genetically modified corn earlier.
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