Analysis of the People's Yangtze River Culvert Project's Preventive Test for Power Equipment Xiao Huaiqian Xia Jinyong (Huaiyu New River Management Office of Jiangsu Province, Huai'an 223005, Jiangsu Province) The key to the reliable operation of power equipment is determined. The basic theory of preventive testing for sluice gate power equipment was introduced, the status and role of preventive testing in the project operation management were analyzed, and the main items of the experiment were described. Methods, procedures, etc., focusing on the main points of operation and precautions are described. Finally, common problems are summarized, and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. It can provide for the specification of test operations, the assurance of the accuracy of test results and the safety of the test process.
The mechanical equipment and electrical equipment are closely related. The key to its safe operation depends on the reliable operation of the electrical equipment. The power equipment is in a long-term operation state, and its technical performance will be gradually reduced. The pre-test can find the hidden trouble caused by the unstable performance of the equipment.
The power equipment that is in the intermittent operation or the long-term outage will have its insulation performance and mechanical performance degraded by the environment. Only through a pre-test can we determine whether these devices can operate safely. In addition, the pre-test as a prerequisite for the classification management of electrical equipment, can also provide a basis for equipment upgrades and transformation, to provide support for the standardization and scientific management of the entire culvert.
3 The main contents and items of pretest of culvert gate project 3.1 The main methods of pretest (1) Measure DC resistance. Its purpose is to check the quality of the windings of the electrical equipment and the integrity of the circuit in order to discover defects such as wire breakage, poor joints, and short circuit between the windings due to poor manufacturing quality or vibration and mechanical forces during operation.
(2) Measure insulation resistance. It is the simplest and most basic method to check the insulation status of the equipment. Its value can reflect the insulation condition sensitively, and can effectively detect the defects such as moisture, pollution and overheat aging of the equipment.
(3) DC leakage current and DC withstand voltage test. The principle is exactly the same as that of the insulation resistance test, but the advantage over the insulation resistance is that the test voltage can be arbitrarily adjusted, which can more effectively detect the insulation moisture condition and local defects.
(4) Measure the loss tangent of the medium. It can be found that the insulation contains gas and imperfections, such as uneven or dirty defects, suitable for bulky objects with a variety of insulating materials.
(5) AC withstand voltage test. It can better simulate the condition of the object under over-voltage in actual operation. At the same time, compared with the DC withstand voltage, it can often find some local defects of the object more effectively.
The safe operation of power equipment is an important part of guaranteeing the safe operation of culverts. The preventive test of power equipment (hereinafter referred to as pre-test) is one of the key points in the operation and maintenance of power equipment, and it is one of the effective measures to ensure the safe operation of power equipment. .
1 Basic theory of pre-testing 1.1 Definition of pre-testing Pre-testing is to detect, test or monitor the equipment for the purpose of discovering hidden dangers of electrical equipment and preventing electrical equipment from malfunctioning or safety accidents.
1.2 Basis for pre-test The basis for the pre-test of culvert power equipment mainly includes preventive test procedures for power equipment, technical regulations for sluice gates, and other relevant industry standards, specifications and design data.
1.3 Classification of pre-test The pre-test can generally be classified according to the content of the test, the scope of the test, and the nature of the test.
According to the test content, it is generally divided into appraisal pass value test (such as motor insulation strength value, etc.), calibration adjustment value test (such as relay protection setting value, etc.), performance parameter value test (such as arrester leakage current, etc.) generally divided according to the test range To conduct periodic tests (in order to discover the potential defects or hidden troubles of the equipment, test the equipment on a regular basis), overhaul tests (full-scale tests of the equipment after the new equipment is put into operation or equipment overhaul), and identify fault tests (on equipment operating conditions) Abnormal or other tests in doubt, need to further identify the failure of the test) according to the nature of the test is generally divided into non-destructive tests (use a lower test voltage or use the method will not produce cumulative damage effect on the test equipment Tests and Destructive Tests (Exerting a test voltage higher than the working voltage of the equipment on the equipment to be tested may cause some damage or irreversible breakdown of the insulation of the equipment being tested) 2 Pretest in the operation management of the culvert The status and role of culverts The most important issue for the safe operation of sluice gates is to ensure the safe operation of electromechanical equipment and motors. Insulation resistance, grounding resistance, etc.
lightning arrester. Insulation resistance, power frequency discharge voltage, etc.
power cable. Insulation resistance, DC withstand voltage and leakage current.
Grounding system. Earthing resistance of grounding nets, metal equipment enclosures, and lightning protection grounding systems.
Electrical safety tools. Insulation rods, electroscope, insulated gloves, insulated boots and other AC withstand voltage test and leakage current test.
Analysis and Judgment of Pre-test Results In addition to the results of the pre-test, the results of the pre-tests are based on horizontal and vertical analysis of the test results of each item and the initial values, factory values ​​and previous test results. Performs an appraisal test, identifies defects, includes them in the maintenance plan, and strengthens surveillance during operation. Among them, through the insulation performance test, regular inspection of the insulation performance of electrical equipment, to find the weak links of the equipment to determine the safe operation of the equipment is an important aspect.
4 Pretest work 4.1 Test procedure Before the test, record the nameplate parameters and weather conditions of the test sample, check and understand the status of the test sample and whether or not the historical operation is abnormal, and record it.
According to the different situations such as handover or pre-test, according to the relevant procedures to determine the test items and procedures required for this test.
In the general case, the test is performed in the order of low pressure followed by high pressure, followed by direct current and then alternating current. The withstand voltage test should be performed after measuring the insulation resistance without abnormality. After the AC voltage withstand test, the insulation resistance shall be measured repeatedly to determine whether the insulation of the test sample has changed before and after the withstand voltage test.
The on-site test personnel required all personnel who participated in the work to be obligated to prepare the test equipment and equipment, conduct test wiring, operation, measurement, etc., record the data truthfully, and prepare a test report.
The person in charge of the operation shall be an engineer and above, with a certain degree of theoretical knowledge and experimental practical experience in electrical engineering. The person-in-charge shall undertake the formulation of the test plan, the inspection of the test wiring, the on-site confirmation of the test results and the review of the original records. The person in charge should also be responsible for the safety issues during the trial.
4. Safety precautions for pre-test operations In order to ensure personal and equipment safety, the relevant provisions in the "Regulations for Electrical Safety Work" should be strictly observed.
The test procedure and equipment layout should be as compact as possible, the connecting wires should be as short as possible, and the grounding wire should be solid and reliable. Before the measurement, the connection between the device and the lead should generally be disconnected, and there should be a clear disconnection point.
The general equipment shall be fully discharged before and after the test to prevent the residual charge from harming the test personnel. In the test area, all other work that hinders the test must be stopped.
The test should be conducted under good weather conditions. The test should be stopped in abnormal weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.
It is necessary to formulate pre-test related regulations, strengthen supervision, and avoid all illegal operations. In particular, attention should be paid to the connection of the temporary grounding line, and the temporary grounding line must be removed after the test is completed. The high pressure test uses ribbons and other enclosed test areas.
5. Can not fully follow the procedures and procedures Test personnel often have experience and luck psychology, secretly reduce the program, change the program, etc., may cause inaccurate test data or security accidents and other issues.
Before the test, all testers shall be subject to safety education and theoretical study again. Detailed work instructions or test plans shall be formulated and strictly followed. Must strictly implement the operation of the ticket system, work ticket system, work guardianship system.
5. Non-standard test technical data Some testers do not pay attention to details such as filling out, sorting, and archiving of technical data, and the conclusion of only giving one test after the test is over.
In order to conduct a true and comprehensive analysis of the equipment and combine the requirements for the management and evaluation of water conservancy projects in recent years, the production of test technical data should be standardized as soon as possible.
The original records must be clearly, completely and accurately written. They must not be arbitrarily altered, and no blanks are allowed (indicated when there is no data record in certain columns of the record form). The name of the instrument and equipment used must be indicated on the original record. The main parameters. The original records should be signed and signed by the record personnel and auditors. The official test report shall be signed and signed by drafting personnel, auditors, and approval personnel. The original records and test reports should be deposited in long-term technical files.
5. The preventive test procedures for power equipment can not fully implement the relevant leaders’ lack of understanding of the implementation procedures, insufficient investment in pre-test equipment, lack of test personnel, and lack of specialized training for test personnel; due to tight funding, a large number of test equipments are deferred. , Missing inspections, and even some instruments, power safety tools, etc., will be illegally used without testing.
A pre-test management measure, a pre-test standard list, a pre-test record, and a regular analysis system should be established and strictly supervised. A unified testing team consisting of the competent authorities at the higher level can be equipped with the necessary test equipment and qualified test personnel to conduct regular inspections.
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