Abstract The overall situation of the machine tool industry is stable and stable. The order volume is much warmer than the spring of this year. The export of machine tools is developing in a good direction. The import of machine tools has declined. The high-end machine tools still rely on imports. Large and heavy-duty machine tools are in high demand, into...
The overall situation of the machine tool industry is stable and stable. The order volume is much warmer than the spring of this year. The export of machine tools is developing in a good direction. The import of machine tools has declined. The high-end machine tools still rely on imports. Large and heavy-duty machine tools are in high demand and become hot spots. The supply and demand of ordinary CNC lathes is saturated. Some capable enterprises have begun or are studying new types of machine tools and special machine tools, with the intention of expanding market space. "China, as the fastest developing and most consumed developing country in the machine tool industry in Asia and the world, is full of confidence in the future development of machine tools. The market in all walks of life has experienced ups and downs, although the overall decline has been Steady development. The automotive industry, military industry, aerospace, power industry, urban rail transit, wind energy nuclear energy industry, shipbuilding industry, mold industry and other user industries have put forward new requirements for the machine tool industry in terms of expanding production and improving production efficiency. It is expected to promote the vigorous development of the machine tool industry." The development of the machine tool industry, especially CNC machine tools, will be strongly supported by downstream demand. According to the special plan of “high-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipmentâ€, by 2020, about 80% of high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment required for aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile and power generation equipment manufacturing will be based on domestic and future development of China's machine tool industry. Very broad.
As the automobile industry, which is the largest mobile machine tool, it continues to maintain strong growth momentum. It is reported that in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†of the automobile industry, the annual production of automobiles in 2015 is planned to be 25 million, and Dong Yang, head of the Automobile Industry Association, predicts 30 million vehicles. The sum of the capacity planning of the major auto companies in 2015 exceeded 30 million, which undoubtedly provided a large market for machine tools.
As a key customer of the machine tool, the ship supporting equipment (low and medium speed diesel engine, crankshaft, propeller, deck machinery, etc.) has been developing steadily, providing a broad space for development of CNC machine tools and heavy machine tools. Wind power and nuclear power equipment manufacturing have demand for high-end CNC machine tools, especially special machine tools.
The rapid development of China's aerospace industry is conducive to driving the demand for machine tools. The ARJ21 regional passenger aircraft and the new 600-seat passenger aircraft will be put into production successively. The large aircraft project will start, and the Shenzhou manned spacecraft project will need to purchase a large number of high-speed and high-precision aircraft. Key manufacturing equipment such as composite CNC machine tools and five-axis machining centers. The aerospace industry will have new demands for CNC machine tools, especially high-speed, high-efficiency, high-precision, multi-axis, high-end CNC machine tools, which may include automatic tape laying machines and automatic wire laying machines for the manufacture of composite composite components.
China's power industry will implement a diversified energy supply strategy to include high-efficiency, high-speed, clean energy, such as nuclear power and wind energy, as key development targets to change the situation of excessive dependence on coal and other single energy sources. According to the plan, by 2015, the installed capacity of wind power will reach 15 million kW, and the installed capacity in 2020 will reach 40-60 million kW. The rapid development of the power industry requires a large number of CNC machines with high reliability, large size and high strength, such as various super heavy-duty CNC machine tools and special machines, as well as five-axis CNC machine tools and multi-tasking machines.
In terms of urban rail transit, according to the first batch of urban rail transit project plans approved by the State Council, the planned length of the route to 2015 is 2,400 km, and the investment scale is nearly 700 billion yuan. As of November 2008, 100 billion yuan of investment has been completed. The large-scale construction and planning of urban rail transit will inevitably increase the demand for machine tool processing machines, such as large milling machines, grinding machines, heavy-duty machine tools and other processing equipment. The construction and transformation of China's railways with high speed and speed and heavy load has entered the “fast lane†of development. The demand for machine tools in the rail transit industry is multi-faceted. One is locomotives (electric locomotives and electric drive diesel locomotives) and vehicle manufacturing.
The other is the daily maintenance of the wheel and axle manufacturing machine, as well as track processing and high-speed rail sleeper processing.
These above-mentioned processing and manufacturing are in urgent need of general-purpose CNC gold-cutting machine tools, such as machining centers and CNC vertical vehicles. Special CNC cutting machines are also needed, such as track plate grinders and axle grinders. There is also a need for forming machines such as presses and bending machines.
In addition, the general equipment production situation is improving, the shipbuilding industry has maintained rapid growth, and the new orders have improved. Other machinery industry is a loyal user group of machine tools. Large and medium-sized enterprises and some foreign-invested enterprises will focus on high-end CNC machine tools, while small and medium-sized enterprises, especially private small and medium-sized enterprises, mostly purchase medium and low-end CNC machine tools. CNC special-purpose and specialized machine tools also have a lot of demand. In the future, low-end and mid-range machine tools will also account for a large proportion.
"Chinese enterprises need to seize good development opportunities, strengthen independent innovation, improve the level of technology and industrialization, and actively explore emerging markets to cope with future market competition." At present, China's aerospace, automotive mold industry urgently needs high-end CNC machine tools There are: high-speed machining centers, multi-axis machining centers, twin-spindle turning centers and turning and milling centers, precision grinding machines and compound grinding machines, precision electric machining machines, precision large-scale boring and milling machines, precision floor boring and milling machines, high-efficiency CNC special machines, etc. Equipment domestic enterprises are still not well satisfied, and the level of industrialization needs to be improved. On the basis of improving the independent development of CNC machine tools as soon as possible, we must strengthen international cooperation and improve the supply level of high-end CNC machine tools and complete sets.
When it comes to the development trend of CNC machining, the market demand for domestic high-end CNC machine tools has increased, and new products of CNC machine tools have become more frequent. The CNC punching machine has a CNC control system, which can arbitrarily set the movement mode and speed of the slider according to the needs of the processing method. According to the changes in the market, the development direction of domestic CNC machine tools is expected to have the following models.
1. Screw type CNC punching machine
The servo working machine uses an AC servo motor to drive the slider through the screw. The position of the bottom dead center in the forming can be controlled by the position reading device to provide data to the position control device. Therefore, the mechanical thermal expansion and elastic deformation will not affect the accuracy of the product, adjust the most suitable slider movement mode and control the position of the bottom dead center in extremely small units. Therefore, it is suitable for high-precision and high-performance non-cutting forming screw servo presses. It uses hydraulic motors and accumulators for torque control. The bottom dead center position control can reach micron level. It is an energy-saving and environmentally-friendly model. .
2, crankshaft servo punch
A CNC punch press combined with a crankshaft punch and an AC servo motor. This type of punch is a servo motor that replaces the clutch brake and flywheel on the original punch. The punch has the characteristics of a servo punch that can be arbitrarily set in the slider movement mode, and has the torque characteristics of the ordinary mechanical punch as shown in FIG. However, its working energy will not decrease in the low speed zone.
3, double acting forming punch
Reversal forming is a powerful means of no cutting. An example of occlusion forging in cold forging is to control the plastic flow of the material by controlling the action and timing of multiple punches and dies. The precision and formability of the product can be improved, and the number of processes can be shortened.
The double-action forming can be roughly divided into two categories: the versatility of the punching machine is used for the double-action forming of the double-moving mold frame; the multi-variety production mold is easy to assemble and disassemble using the double-action punching. Recently, not only in the forging process, but also in the diversification and capacity improvement of the composite forming of sheet metal forming and forging, the punching machine is required to have not only multi-action performance but also high versatility.
4, occlusion forging punch
The formation of star wheels and cross couplings has generally utilized occluded forging dies and universal forging presses. Its mold structure has occlusion function and coordination function. Other occluded forging presses that save piping time during mold assembly can be divided into two categories: these functions are all in the press and the upper and lower cylinders are on the press and the coordination mechanism is on the mold base.
5, sheet forging punch
With the popularization of sheet forging, it is required that the forging press can perform deep drawing or shorten the number of works, so the slider and the table must be equipped with a cylinder. The original occlusion forging is almost always the use of high-capacity atmospheric pressure action. In addition to the atmospheric pressure action required to comply with the engineering method, the plate forging also requires functions such as sequential action and self-locking.
6. Gear forming punch
Double action hydraulic press for helical gear forming. The punching machine has a slide drive, two in the slider, and two in the table. A total of five drive sources are used in combination with one hydraulic drive unit. The initial stage of forming is the same as the inner ring forging of the atmospheric pressure ram type, and the punch is inserted into the concave tooth space of the occlusion, and the material flows from below to perform initial forming. In this state, the core rises and the core diameter at the center of the material is coarsened. At this time, the inner diameter of the workpiece has a new space, which can generate a new plastic flow, so that the pressure material can be filled with the tip end of the tooth shape. The product processed by this method has a processing pressure of only 1300 MPa, and the sag angle and the burr of the toothed portion are extremely small. The gears formed by the control of material flow by double-action forming can reach JIS grades 3~4, which is very close to the high value-added non-cutting forming.
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