12 questions about fire safety knowledge of hazardous chemicals

(1) What is a chemical dangerous item?

Chemical dangerous goods refer to chemical and radioactive materials that are flammable, explosive, corrosive, toxic, radioactive, etc., and which can cause burning, explosion, and accidents such as injury or death under certain conditions. There are currently more than 6,000 kinds of chemical dangerous goods, and there are nearly 2,000 kinds of common and widely used ones.

(2) How to classify chemical dangerous goods in China?

In order to facilitate the management of chemical dangerous goods in production, storage, transportation and use, China has divided chemical dangerous goods into ten categories, namely explosives, oxidants, compressed gases and liquefied gases, pyrophoric articles, water-burning articles, and Burning liquids, flammable solids, poisonous items, corrosives, radioactive materials.

(3) What is an explosive item?

Anything that is excited by friction, impact, vibration, high heat or other factors, can produce intense chemical changes, emits a large amount of heat and gas in a very short time, and is accompanied by light, sound and other effects, collectively referred to as explosives.

(4) How to classify explosives?

There are many methods for classifying explosives. It is common to classify explosives into four categories according to their nature and use: ignition equipment (such as fuses, fire tubes, etc.), detonating equipment (such as detonating cords and detonators), Explosives and explosive drugs, other explosives (such as firecrackers, etc.).

(5) What is the sensitivity of explosives?

Any kind of explosion of explosives requires the outside world to supply it with certain energy - detonation energy. The detonation energy required for different explosives is also different, and the minimum detonation energy required for an explosive is the sensitivity of the explosive. Detonation can be inversely proportional to sensitivity. The smaller the detonation energy, the higher the sensitivity. Sensitivity is an important indicator for determining the risk of explosive explosion. The sensitivity of an explosive item is directly proportional to its explosion hazard. The higher the sensitivity, the greater the risk of explosion. The sensitivity of different explosives to different forms of the outside world is different.

(6) What are the factors that affect the sensitivity of explosives?

There are many factors affecting the sensitivity of explosive materials, and the chemical composition and structure of different explosives are decisive internal factors. In addition, there are external factors that affect the sensitivity of explosives, such as temperature, impurities, moisture, crystallization, and density.

(7) Why are explosive items extremely destructive?

There are three reasons why explosives have great destructive power: First, the reaction speed during the explosion is extremely fast, the explosive energy will be released in a very short time, and a powerful explosive power is generated. Second, a large amount of explosion can be generated. Heat, igniting combustible materials; third, it can generate a large amount of gas when it is exploded, resulting in a large shock wave.

(8) Why is the explosion of explosives different from the explosion of combustible gas mixtures?

The explosion of explosives is different from the explosion of combustible gas mixture. It mainly has the following characteristics: First, the reaction speed of the explosion is different, and the explosion reaction speed of the explosives is extremely fast, usually within one tenth of a second; second, the heat generated is different. Explosive explosives can generate a lot of heat; third, the amount of gas produced is different, and explosives can produce a large amount of gas.

(9) What are the requirements for the storage of explosives?

There are many storage requirements for explosives. Different types of explosives have different storage requirements, but the following principles should be observed: First, explosives must be stored in special warehouses and kept by special persons; second, explosives, detonating equipment and explosives, explosive drugs, and propellants The pyrotechnics shall not be mixed; the third is that the explosives warehouse must be stored in limited quantities. It must be in accordance with the principle of first-in-first-out to prevent the articles from deteriorating. Fourth, it is strictly forbidden to fall, roll, turn, throw, throw, and drag, rub, and strike to prevent explosion. The fifth is to strengthen the inspection, there should be no smell or smoke in the warehouse, the warehouse temperature should be normal, and the packaging is complete; the sixth is strict management, implement the “five-double management system” (ie double storage, double reception, double picking, double account, double lock).

(10) What are the requirements for the transportation of explosives?

There are many requirements for the transportation of explosives. The main ones are as follows: First, the explosives should be transported by special passengers and accompanied by the escorts; second, the explosives, detonating equipment and explosives, explosive drugs, propellants and pyrotechnics should not be mixed. Third, it must be lightly loaded and unloaded. It is strictly forbidden to rub or impact, and to prevent explosion. Fourth, it must be approved by the public security organ for transportation, and it can be shipped with the permission of the transportation permit. Fifth, the packaging should be complete at the time of shipment, and the loading should be safe and loaded. The height must not exceed the fence and should not be mixed with acid, alkali, oil or other dangerous materials.

(11) Why can't explosives be covered with sand when they are on fire?

After the explosives are on fire, they may not be able to cause an explosion. For example, when people use sand to cover them, the smoke generated by the fire of the articles cannot be dissipated, causing certain pressure inside, which may easily cause explosions of explosives.

(12) Why can the explosives be fired with a misty water flow and the effect is good?

Explosives are fired with a large amount of misty water to save the fire, not only to reduce the temperature of the fire, to extinguish the fire, but also to continuously inhale a large amount of water, reduce its sensitivity and gradually lose its explosive capacity. Therefore, the explosion of explosives with a large number of misty water flow is better, but it is necessary to prevent direct use of direct current and high pressure water to prevent explosives from exploding.